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Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect

The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one’s own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it...

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Autores principales: Krasotkina, Anna, Götz, Antonia, Höhle, Barbara, Schwarzer, Gudrun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486016
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060331
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author Krasotkina, Anna
Götz, Antonia
Höhle, Barbara
Schwarzer, Gudrun
author_facet Krasotkina, Anna
Götz, Antonia
Höhle, Barbara
Schwarzer, Gudrun
author_sort Krasotkina, Anna
collection PubMed
description The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one’s own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it is still unclear whether infants’ looking behavior for same- and other-race faces is related to their face discrimination abilities. To investigate this question we conducted a habituation–dishabituation experiment to examine Caucasian 9-month-old infants’ gaze behavior, and their discrimination of same- and other-race faces, using eye-tracking measurements. We found that infants looked longer at the eyes of same-race faces over the course of habituation, as compared to other-race faces. After habituation, infants demonstrated a clear other-race effect by successfully discriminating between same-race faces, but not other-race faces. Importantly, the infants’ ability to discriminate between same-race faces significantly correlated with their fixation time towards the eyes of same-race faces during habituation. Thus, our findings suggest that for infants old enough to begin exhibiting the ORE, gaze behavior during habituation is related to their ability to differentiate among same-race faces, compared to other-race faces.
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spelling pubmed-73492212020-07-22 Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect Krasotkina, Anna Götz, Antonia Höhle, Barbara Schwarzer, Gudrun Brain Sci Article The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one’s own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it is still unclear whether infants’ looking behavior for same- and other-race faces is related to their face discrimination abilities. To investigate this question we conducted a habituation–dishabituation experiment to examine Caucasian 9-month-old infants’ gaze behavior, and their discrimination of same- and other-race faces, using eye-tracking measurements. We found that infants looked longer at the eyes of same-race faces over the course of habituation, as compared to other-race faces. After habituation, infants demonstrated a clear other-race effect by successfully discriminating between same-race faces, but not other-race faces. Importantly, the infants’ ability to discriminate between same-race faces significantly correlated with their fixation time towards the eyes of same-race faces during habituation. Thus, our findings suggest that for infants old enough to begin exhibiting the ORE, gaze behavior during habituation is related to their ability to differentiate among same-race faces, compared to other-race faces. MDPI 2020-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7349221/ /pubmed/32486016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060331 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Krasotkina, Anna
Götz, Antonia
Höhle, Barbara
Schwarzer, Gudrun
Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect
title Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect
title_full Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect
title_fullStr Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect
title_full_unstemmed Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect
title_short Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect
title_sort infants’ gaze patterns for same-race and other-race faces, and the other-race effect
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486016
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060331
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