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Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration

Ceramide and sphingosine are important interconvertible sphingolipid metabolites which govern various signaling pathways related to different aspects of cell survival and senescence. The conversion of ceramide into sphingosine is mediated by ceramidases. Altogether, five human ceramidases—named acid...

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Autores principales: Duarte, Carolina, Akkaoui, Juliet, Yamada, Chiaki, Ho, Anny, Mao, Cungui, Movila, Alexandru
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32498325
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061379
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author Duarte, Carolina
Akkaoui, Juliet
Yamada, Chiaki
Ho, Anny
Mao, Cungui
Movila, Alexandru
author_facet Duarte, Carolina
Akkaoui, Juliet
Yamada, Chiaki
Ho, Anny
Mao, Cungui
Movila, Alexandru
author_sort Duarte, Carolina
collection PubMed
description Ceramide and sphingosine are important interconvertible sphingolipid metabolites which govern various signaling pathways related to different aspects of cell survival and senescence. The conversion of ceramide into sphingosine is mediated by ceramidases. Altogether, five human ceramidases—named acid ceramidase, neutral ceramidase, alkaline ceramidase 1, alkaline ceramidase 2, and alkaline ceramidase 3—have been identified as having maximal activities in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments, respectively. All five ceramidases have received increased attention for their implications in various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and Farber disease. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ceramidases in host cells exposed to pathogenic bacteria and viruses have also been demonstrated. While ceramidases have been a subject of study in recent decades, our knowledge of their pathophysiology remains limited. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing literature on the role of acid, neutral, and alkaline ceramidases in relation to human health and various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition, the essential impact of ceramidases on tissue regeneration, as well as their usefulness in enzyme replacement therapy, is also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-73494192020-07-14 Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration Duarte, Carolina Akkaoui, Juliet Yamada, Chiaki Ho, Anny Mao, Cungui Movila, Alexandru Cells Review Ceramide and sphingosine are important interconvertible sphingolipid metabolites which govern various signaling pathways related to different aspects of cell survival and senescence. The conversion of ceramide into sphingosine is mediated by ceramidases. Altogether, five human ceramidases—named acid ceramidase, neutral ceramidase, alkaline ceramidase 1, alkaline ceramidase 2, and alkaline ceramidase 3—have been identified as having maximal activities in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments, respectively. All five ceramidases have received increased attention for their implications in various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and Farber disease. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ceramidases in host cells exposed to pathogenic bacteria and viruses have also been demonstrated. While ceramidases have been a subject of study in recent decades, our knowledge of their pathophysiology remains limited. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing literature on the role of acid, neutral, and alkaline ceramidases in relation to human health and various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition, the essential impact of ceramidases on tissue regeneration, as well as their usefulness in enzyme replacement therapy, is also discussed. MDPI 2020-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7349419/ /pubmed/32498325 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061379 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Duarte, Carolina
Akkaoui, Juliet
Yamada, Chiaki
Ho, Anny
Mao, Cungui
Movila, Alexandru
Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration
title Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration
title_full Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration
title_fullStr Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration
title_full_unstemmed Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration
title_short Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration
title_sort elusive roles of the different ceramidases in human health, pathophysiology, and tissue regeneration
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32498325
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061379
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