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Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly understood to participate directly in many essential aspects of host antitumor immune response. Tumor- and immune-cell-derived EVs function in local and systemic contexts with roles in immune processes including cancer antigen conveyance, immune cell pri...

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Autores principales: Kato, Taketo, Fahrmann, Johannes F., Hanash, Samir M., Vykoukal, Jody
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349483/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580358
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061518
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author Kato, Taketo
Fahrmann, Johannes F.
Hanash, Samir M.
Vykoukal, Jody
author_facet Kato, Taketo
Fahrmann, Johannes F.
Hanash, Samir M.
Vykoukal, Jody
author_sort Kato, Taketo
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly understood to participate directly in many essential aspects of host antitumor immune response. Tumor- and immune-cell-derived EVs function in local and systemic contexts with roles in immune processes including cancer antigen conveyance, immune cell priming and activation, as well as immune escape. Current practice of cancer immunotherapy has de facto focused on eliciting T-cell-mediated cytotoxic responses. Humoral immunity is also known to exert antitumor effects, and B cells have been demonstrated to have functions that extend beyond antibody production to include antigen presentation and activation and modulation of T cells and innate immune effectors. Evidence of B cell response against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is observed in early stages of tumorigenesis and in most solid tumor types. It is known that EVs convey diverse TAAs, express antigenic-peptide-loaded MHCs, and complex with circulating plasma antitumoral autoantibodies. In this review, we will consider the relationships between EVs, B cells, and other antigen-presenting cells, especially in relation to TAAs. Understanding the intersection of EVs and the cancer immunome will enable opportunities for developing tumor antigen targets, antitumor vaccines and harnessing the full potential of multiple immune system components for next-generation cancer immunotherapies.
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spelling pubmed-73494832020-07-14 Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy Kato, Taketo Fahrmann, Johannes F. Hanash, Samir M. Vykoukal, Jody Cells Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly understood to participate directly in many essential aspects of host antitumor immune response. Tumor- and immune-cell-derived EVs function in local and systemic contexts with roles in immune processes including cancer antigen conveyance, immune cell priming and activation, as well as immune escape. Current practice of cancer immunotherapy has de facto focused on eliciting T-cell-mediated cytotoxic responses. Humoral immunity is also known to exert antitumor effects, and B cells have been demonstrated to have functions that extend beyond antibody production to include antigen presentation and activation and modulation of T cells and innate immune effectors. Evidence of B cell response against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is observed in early stages of tumorigenesis and in most solid tumor types. It is known that EVs convey diverse TAAs, express antigenic-peptide-loaded MHCs, and complex with circulating plasma antitumoral autoantibodies. In this review, we will consider the relationships between EVs, B cells, and other antigen-presenting cells, especially in relation to TAAs. Understanding the intersection of EVs and the cancer immunome will enable opportunities for developing tumor antigen targets, antitumor vaccines and harnessing the full potential of multiple immune system components for next-generation cancer immunotherapies. MDPI 2020-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7349483/ /pubmed/32580358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061518 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kato, Taketo
Fahrmann, Johannes F.
Hanash, Samir M.
Vykoukal, Jody
Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
title Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
title_full Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
title_fullStr Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
title_short Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy
title_sort extracellular vesicles mediate b cell immune response and are a potential target for cancer therapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349483/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580358
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061518
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