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Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative disorders, namely Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are increasingly major health concerns due to the increasingly aged population worldwide. These conditions often share the same underlying pathological mech...

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Autores principales: Ikram, Muhammad, Ullah, Rahat, Khan, Amjad, Kim, Myeong Ok
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32549286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061464
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author Ikram, Muhammad
Ullah, Rahat
Khan, Amjad
Kim, Myeong Ok
author_facet Ikram, Muhammad
Ullah, Rahat
Khan, Amjad
Kim, Myeong Ok
author_sort Ikram, Muhammad
collection PubMed
description Neurodegenerative disorders, namely Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are increasingly major health concerns due to the increasingly aged population worldwide. These conditions often share the same underlying pathological mechanisms, including elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the aggregation of proteins. Several studies have highlighted the potential to diminish the clinical outcomes of these disorders via the administration of herbal compounds, among which gintonin, a derivative of ginseng, has shown promising results. Gintonin is a noncarbohydrate/saponin that has been characterized as a lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA Receptor) ligand. Gintonin may cause a significant elevation in calcium levels [Ca2+]i intracellularly, which promotes calcium-mediated cellular effects via the modulation of ion channels and cell surface receptors, regulating the inflammatory effects. Years of research have suggested that gintonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against different models of neurodegeneration, and these effects may be employed to tackle the neurological changes. Therefore, we collected the main scientific findings and comprehensively presented them, covering preparation, absorption, and receptor-mediated functions, including effects against Alzheimer’s disease models, Parkinson’s disease models, anxiety and depression-like models, and other neurological disorders, aiming to provide some insights for the possible usage of gintonin in the management of neurodegenerative conditions.
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spelling pubmed-73497072020-07-15 Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders Ikram, Muhammad Ullah, Rahat Khan, Amjad Kim, Myeong Ok Cells Review Neurodegenerative disorders, namely Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are increasingly major health concerns due to the increasingly aged population worldwide. These conditions often share the same underlying pathological mechanisms, including elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the aggregation of proteins. Several studies have highlighted the potential to diminish the clinical outcomes of these disorders via the administration of herbal compounds, among which gintonin, a derivative of ginseng, has shown promising results. Gintonin is a noncarbohydrate/saponin that has been characterized as a lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA Receptor) ligand. Gintonin may cause a significant elevation in calcium levels [Ca2+]i intracellularly, which promotes calcium-mediated cellular effects via the modulation of ion channels and cell surface receptors, regulating the inflammatory effects. Years of research have suggested that gintonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against different models of neurodegeneration, and these effects may be employed to tackle the neurological changes. Therefore, we collected the main scientific findings and comprehensively presented them, covering preparation, absorption, and receptor-mediated functions, including effects against Alzheimer’s disease models, Parkinson’s disease models, anxiety and depression-like models, and other neurological disorders, aiming to provide some insights for the possible usage of gintonin in the management of neurodegenerative conditions. MDPI 2020-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7349707/ /pubmed/32549286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061464 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ikram, Muhammad
Ullah, Rahat
Khan, Amjad
Kim, Myeong Ok
Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
title Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_full Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_fullStr Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_short Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_sort ongoing research on the role of gintonin in the management of neurodegenerative disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32549286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061464
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