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Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increas...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7350017/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32599754 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124484 |
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author | Proshkina, Ekaterina Shaposhnikov, Mikhail Moskalev, Alexey |
author_facet | Proshkina, Ekaterina Shaposhnikov, Mikhail Moskalev, Alexey |
author_sort | Proshkina, Ekaterina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: (1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; (2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; (3) improving DNA damage response and repair; (4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7350017 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73500172020-07-21 Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors Proshkina, Ekaterina Shaposhnikov, Mikhail Moskalev, Alexey Int J Mol Sci Review Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: (1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; (2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; (3) improving DNA damage response and repair; (4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction. MDPI 2020-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7350017/ /pubmed/32599754 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124484 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Proshkina, Ekaterina Shaposhnikov, Mikhail Moskalev, Alexey Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors |
title | Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors |
title_full | Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors |
title_fullStr | Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors |
title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors |
title_short | Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors |
title_sort | genome-protecting compounds as potential geroprotectors |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7350017/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32599754 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124484 |
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