Centuries of monthly and 3-hourly global ocean wave data for past, present, and future climate research

Ocean surface waves are essential to navigation safety, coastal activities, and climate systems. Numerical simulations are still the primary methods used in wave climate research, especially in future climate change scenarios. Recently, First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model version 2.0 (FIO-ESM v2.0), a global climate model coupled with an ocean wave model, was carried out the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) experiments. Here, we present the global monthly-mean and 3-hourly instantaneous wave parameter dataset from the FIO-ESM v2.0 CMIP6 experiments, including 700-year piControl, 165-year historical, three 86-year future scenarios (ssp125, ssp245, and ssp585, respectively), and two 150-year climate sensitive experiments (1pctCO2 and abrupt-4xCO2) simulations. Historical results show that the model can capture the basic wave climate features under climate change. These unique centuries of global wave data are from a fully coupled system and can provide the community with a vital long-term data source for scientific and engineering applications, such as wave climate research, wave-related process studies and parameterizations, as well as coastal and near-shore industry designs.