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Protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated Bacillus Anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores

An oral vaccine against anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) is urgently needed to prevent annual anthrax outbreaks that are causing catastrophic losses in free-ranging livestock and wildlife worldwide. The Sterne vaccine, the current injectable livestock vaccine, is a suspension of live attenuated B. anthr...

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Autores principales: Benn, Jamie S., Chaki, Sankar P., Xu, Yi, Ficht, Thomas A., Rice-Ficht, Allison C., Cook, Walter E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7351773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32685200
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0208-3
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author Benn, Jamie S.
Chaki, Sankar P.
Xu, Yi
Ficht, Thomas A.
Rice-Ficht, Allison C.
Cook, Walter E.
author_facet Benn, Jamie S.
Chaki, Sankar P.
Xu, Yi
Ficht, Thomas A.
Rice-Ficht, Allison C.
Cook, Walter E.
author_sort Benn, Jamie S.
collection PubMed
description An oral vaccine against anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) is urgently needed to prevent annual anthrax outbreaks that are causing catastrophic losses in free-ranging livestock and wildlife worldwide. The Sterne vaccine, the current injectable livestock vaccine, is a suspension of live attenuated B. anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores (Sterne spores) in saponin. It is not effective when administered orally and individual subcutaneous injections are not a practical method of vaccination for wildlife. In this study, we report the development of a microencapsulated oral vaccine against anthrax. Evaluating Sterne spore stability at varying pH’s in vitro revealed that spore exposure to pH 2 results in spore death, confirming that protection from the gastric environment is of main concern when producing an oral vaccine. Therefore, Sterne spores were encapsulated in alginate and coated with a protein shell containing poly-L-lysine (PLL) and vitelline protein B (VpB), a non-immunogenic, proteolysis resistant protein isolated from Fasciola hepatica. Capsule exposure to pH 2 demonstrated enhanced acid gel character suggesting that alginate microcapsules provided the necessary protection for spores to survive the gastric environment. Post vaccination IgG levels in BALBc/J mouse serum samples indicated that encapsulated spores induced anti-anthrax specific responses in both the subcutaneous and the oral vaccination groups. Furthermore, the antibody responses from both vaccination routes were protective against anthrax lethal toxin in vitro, suggesting that further optimization of this vaccine formulation may result in a reliable oral vaccine that will conveniently and effectively prevent anthrax in wildlife populations.
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spelling pubmed-73517732020-07-16 Protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated Bacillus Anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores Benn, Jamie S. Chaki, Sankar P. Xu, Yi Ficht, Thomas A. Rice-Ficht, Allison C. Cook, Walter E. NPJ Vaccines Article An oral vaccine against anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) is urgently needed to prevent annual anthrax outbreaks that are causing catastrophic losses in free-ranging livestock and wildlife worldwide. The Sterne vaccine, the current injectable livestock vaccine, is a suspension of live attenuated B. anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores (Sterne spores) in saponin. It is not effective when administered orally and individual subcutaneous injections are not a practical method of vaccination for wildlife. In this study, we report the development of a microencapsulated oral vaccine against anthrax. Evaluating Sterne spore stability at varying pH’s in vitro revealed that spore exposure to pH 2 results in spore death, confirming that protection from the gastric environment is of main concern when producing an oral vaccine. Therefore, Sterne spores were encapsulated in alginate and coated with a protein shell containing poly-L-lysine (PLL) and vitelline protein B (VpB), a non-immunogenic, proteolysis resistant protein isolated from Fasciola hepatica. Capsule exposure to pH 2 demonstrated enhanced acid gel character suggesting that alginate microcapsules provided the necessary protection for spores to survive the gastric environment. Post vaccination IgG levels in BALBc/J mouse serum samples indicated that encapsulated spores induced anti-anthrax specific responses in both the subcutaneous and the oral vaccination groups. Furthermore, the antibody responses from both vaccination routes were protective against anthrax lethal toxin in vitro, suggesting that further optimization of this vaccine formulation may result in a reliable oral vaccine that will conveniently and effectively prevent anthrax in wildlife populations. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7351773/ /pubmed/32685200 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0208-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Benn, Jamie S.
Chaki, Sankar P.
Xu, Yi
Ficht, Thomas A.
Rice-Ficht, Allison C.
Cook, Walter E.
Protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated Bacillus Anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores
title Protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated Bacillus Anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores
title_full Protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated Bacillus Anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores
title_fullStr Protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated Bacillus Anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores
title_full_unstemmed Protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated Bacillus Anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores
title_short Protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated Bacillus Anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores
title_sort protective antibody response following oral vaccination with microencapsulated bacillus anthracis sterne strain 34f2 spores
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7351773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32685200
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0208-3
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