Cargando…
Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide. Its incidence and mortality vary depending on geographic area, with the highest rates in Asian countries, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea. Accurate imaging staging has become crucial for the application of various treatment strategies,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352169/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485933 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061402 |
_version_ | 1783557574849724416 |
---|---|
author | Renzulli, Matteo Clemente, Alfredo Spinelli, Daniele Ierardi, Anna Maria Marasco, Giovanni Farina, Davide Brocchi, Stefano Ravaioli, Matteo Pettinari, Irene Cescon, Matteo Reginelli, Alfonso Cappabianca, Salvatore Carrafiello, Gianpaolo Golfieri, Rita |
author_facet | Renzulli, Matteo Clemente, Alfredo Spinelli, Daniele Ierardi, Anna Maria Marasco, Giovanni Farina, Davide Brocchi, Stefano Ravaioli, Matteo Pettinari, Irene Cescon, Matteo Reginelli, Alfonso Cappabianca, Salvatore Carrafiello, Gianpaolo Golfieri, Rita |
author_sort | Renzulli, Matteo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide. Its incidence and mortality vary depending on geographic area, with the highest rates in Asian countries, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea. Accurate imaging staging has become crucial for the application of various treatment strategies, especially for curative treatments in early stages. Unfortunately, most GCs are still diagnosed at an advanced stage, with the peritoneum (61–80%), distant lymph nodes (44–50%), and liver (26–38%) as the most common metastatic locations. Metastatic disease is limited to the peritoneum in 58% of cases; in nonperitoneal distant metastases, the most involved GC metastasization site is the liver (82%). The eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system is the most commonly used system for determining GC prognosis. Endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, and 18-fluorideoxyglucose positron emission tomography are historically the most accurate imaging techniques for GC staging. However, studies have recently shown renewed interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a useful tool in GC staging, especially for distant metastasis assessment. The technical improvement of diffusion-weighted imaging and the increasing use of hepatobiliary contrast agents have been shown to increase the diagnostic performance of MRI, particularly for detecting peritoneal and liver metastasis. However, no principal oncological guidelines have included the use of MRI as a first-line technique for distant metastasis evaluation during the GC staging process, such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. This review analyzed the role of the principal imaging techniques in GC diagnosis and staging, focusing on the potential role of MRI, especially for assessing peritoneal and liver metastases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7352169 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73521692020-07-15 Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Renzulli, Matteo Clemente, Alfredo Spinelli, Daniele Ierardi, Anna Maria Marasco, Giovanni Farina, Davide Brocchi, Stefano Ravaioli, Matteo Pettinari, Irene Cescon, Matteo Reginelli, Alfonso Cappabianca, Salvatore Carrafiello, Gianpaolo Golfieri, Rita Cancers (Basel) Review Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide. Its incidence and mortality vary depending on geographic area, with the highest rates in Asian countries, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea. Accurate imaging staging has become crucial for the application of various treatment strategies, especially for curative treatments in early stages. Unfortunately, most GCs are still diagnosed at an advanced stage, with the peritoneum (61–80%), distant lymph nodes (44–50%), and liver (26–38%) as the most common metastatic locations. Metastatic disease is limited to the peritoneum in 58% of cases; in nonperitoneal distant metastases, the most involved GC metastasization site is the liver (82%). The eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system is the most commonly used system for determining GC prognosis. Endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, and 18-fluorideoxyglucose positron emission tomography are historically the most accurate imaging techniques for GC staging. However, studies have recently shown renewed interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a useful tool in GC staging, especially for distant metastasis assessment. The technical improvement of diffusion-weighted imaging and the increasing use of hepatobiliary contrast agents have been shown to increase the diagnostic performance of MRI, particularly for detecting peritoneal and liver metastasis. However, no principal oncological guidelines have included the use of MRI as a first-line technique for distant metastasis evaluation during the GC staging process, such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. This review analyzed the role of the principal imaging techniques in GC diagnosis and staging, focusing on the potential role of MRI, especially for assessing peritoneal and liver metastases. MDPI 2020-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7352169/ /pubmed/32485933 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061402 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Renzulli, Matteo Clemente, Alfredo Spinelli, Daniele Ierardi, Anna Maria Marasco, Giovanni Farina, Davide Brocchi, Stefano Ravaioli, Matteo Pettinari, Irene Cescon, Matteo Reginelli, Alfonso Cappabianca, Salvatore Carrafiello, Gianpaolo Golfieri, Rita Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging? |
title | Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging? |
title_full | Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging? |
title_fullStr | Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging? |
title_full_unstemmed | Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging? |
title_short | Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging? |
title_sort | gastric cancer staging: is it time for magnetic resonance imaging? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352169/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485933 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061402 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT renzullimatteo gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT clementealfredo gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT spinellidaniele gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT ierardiannamaria gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT marascogiovanni gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT farinadavide gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT brocchistefano gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT ravaiolimatteo gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT pettinariirene gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT cesconmatteo gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT reginellialfonso gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT cappabiancasalvatore gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT carrafiellogianpaolo gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging AT golfieririta gastriccancerstagingisittimeformagneticresonanceimaging |