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Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging?

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide. Its incidence and mortality vary depending on geographic area, with the highest rates in Asian countries, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea. Accurate imaging staging has become crucial for the application of various treatment strategies,...

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Autores principales: Renzulli, Matteo, Clemente, Alfredo, Spinelli, Daniele, Ierardi, Anna Maria, Marasco, Giovanni, Farina, Davide, Brocchi, Stefano, Ravaioli, Matteo, Pettinari, Irene, Cescon, Matteo, Reginelli, Alfonso, Cappabianca, Salvatore, Carrafiello, Gianpaolo, Golfieri, Rita
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485933
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061402
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author Renzulli, Matteo
Clemente, Alfredo
Spinelli, Daniele
Ierardi, Anna Maria
Marasco, Giovanni
Farina, Davide
Brocchi, Stefano
Ravaioli, Matteo
Pettinari, Irene
Cescon, Matteo
Reginelli, Alfonso
Cappabianca, Salvatore
Carrafiello, Gianpaolo
Golfieri, Rita
author_facet Renzulli, Matteo
Clemente, Alfredo
Spinelli, Daniele
Ierardi, Anna Maria
Marasco, Giovanni
Farina, Davide
Brocchi, Stefano
Ravaioli, Matteo
Pettinari, Irene
Cescon, Matteo
Reginelli, Alfonso
Cappabianca, Salvatore
Carrafiello, Gianpaolo
Golfieri, Rita
author_sort Renzulli, Matteo
collection PubMed
description Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide. Its incidence and mortality vary depending on geographic area, with the highest rates in Asian countries, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea. Accurate imaging staging has become crucial for the application of various treatment strategies, especially for curative treatments in early stages. Unfortunately, most GCs are still diagnosed at an advanced stage, with the peritoneum (61–80%), distant lymph nodes (44–50%), and liver (26–38%) as the most common metastatic locations. Metastatic disease is limited to the peritoneum in 58% of cases; in nonperitoneal distant metastases, the most involved GC metastasization site is the liver (82%). The eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system is the most commonly used system for determining GC prognosis. Endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, and 18-fluorideoxyglucose positron emission tomography are historically the most accurate imaging techniques for GC staging. However, studies have recently shown renewed interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a useful tool in GC staging, especially for distant metastasis assessment. The technical improvement of diffusion-weighted imaging and the increasing use of hepatobiliary contrast agents have been shown to increase the diagnostic performance of MRI, particularly for detecting peritoneal and liver metastasis. However, no principal oncological guidelines have included the use of MRI as a first-line technique for distant metastasis evaluation during the GC staging process, such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. This review analyzed the role of the principal imaging techniques in GC diagnosis and staging, focusing on the potential role of MRI, especially for assessing peritoneal and liver metastases.
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spelling pubmed-73521692020-07-15 Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Renzulli, Matteo Clemente, Alfredo Spinelli, Daniele Ierardi, Anna Maria Marasco, Giovanni Farina, Davide Brocchi, Stefano Ravaioli, Matteo Pettinari, Irene Cescon, Matteo Reginelli, Alfonso Cappabianca, Salvatore Carrafiello, Gianpaolo Golfieri, Rita Cancers (Basel) Review Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide. Its incidence and mortality vary depending on geographic area, with the highest rates in Asian countries, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea. Accurate imaging staging has become crucial for the application of various treatment strategies, especially for curative treatments in early stages. Unfortunately, most GCs are still diagnosed at an advanced stage, with the peritoneum (61–80%), distant lymph nodes (44–50%), and liver (26–38%) as the most common metastatic locations. Metastatic disease is limited to the peritoneum in 58% of cases; in nonperitoneal distant metastases, the most involved GC metastasization site is the liver (82%). The eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system is the most commonly used system for determining GC prognosis. Endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, and 18-fluorideoxyglucose positron emission tomography are historically the most accurate imaging techniques for GC staging. However, studies have recently shown renewed interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a useful tool in GC staging, especially for distant metastasis assessment. The technical improvement of diffusion-weighted imaging and the increasing use of hepatobiliary contrast agents have been shown to increase the diagnostic performance of MRI, particularly for detecting peritoneal and liver metastasis. However, no principal oncological guidelines have included the use of MRI as a first-line technique for distant metastasis evaluation during the GC staging process, such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. This review analyzed the role of the principal imaging techniques in GC diagnosis and staging, focusing on the potential role of MRI, especially for assessing peritoneal and liver metastases. MDPI 2020-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7352169/ /pubmed/32485933 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061402 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Renzulli, Matteo
Clemente, Alfredo
Spinelli, Daniele
Ierardi, Anna Maria
Marasco, Giovanni
Farina, Davide
Brocchi, Stefano
Ravaioli, Matteo
Pettinari, Irene
Cescon, Matteo
Reginelli, Alfonso
Cappabianca, Salvatore
Carrafiello, Gianpaolo
Golfieri, Rita
Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
title Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
title_full Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
title_fullStr Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
title_full_unstemmed Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
title_short Gastric Cancer Staging: Is It Time for Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
title_sort gastric cancer staging: is it time for magnetic resonance imaging?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485933
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061402
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