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Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance

Natural killer (NK) cells belong to type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and are essential in killing infected or transformed cells. NK cells mediate their effector functions using non-clonotypic germ-line-encoded activation receptors. The utilization of non-polymorphic and conserved activating recep...

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Autores principales: Hashemi, Elaheh, Malarkannan, Subramaniam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352973/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545516
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061553
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author Hashemi, Elaheh
Malarkannan, Subramaniam
author_facet Hashemi, Elaheh
Malarkannan, Subramaniam
author_sort Hashemi, Elaheh
collection PubMed
description Natural killer (NK) cells belong to type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and are essential in killing infected or transformed cells. NK cells mediate their effector functions using non-clonotypic germ-line-encoded activation receptors. The utilization of non-polymorphic and conserved activating receptors promoted the conceptual dogma that NK cells are homogeneous with limited but focused immune functions. However, emerging studies reveal that NK cells are highly heterogeneous with divergent immune functions. A distinct combination of several activation and inhibitory receptors form a diverse array of NK cell subsets in both humans and mice. Importantly, one of the central factors that determine NK cell heterogeneity and their divergent functions is their tissue residency. Decades of studies provided strong support that NK cells develop in the bone marrow. However, evolving evidence supports the notion that NK cells also develop and differentiate in tissues. Here, we summarize the molecular basis, phenotypic signatures, and functions of tissue-resident NK cells and compare them with conventional NK cells.
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spelling pubmed-73529732020-07-15 Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance Hashemi, Elaheh Malarkannan, Subramaniam Cancers (Basel) Review Natural killer (NK) cells belong to type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and are essential in killing infected or transformed cells. NK cells mediate their effector functions using non-clonotypic germ-line-encoded activation receptors. The utilization of non-polymorphic and conserved activating receptors promoted the conceptual dogma that NK cells are homogeneous with limited but focused immune functions. However, emerging studies reveal that NK cells are highly heterogeneous with divergent immune functions. A distinct combination of several activation and inhibitory receptors form a diverse array of NK cell subsets in both humans and mice. Importantly, one of the central factors that determine NK cell heterogeneity and their divergent functions is their tissue residency. Decades of studies provided strong support that NK cells develop in the bone marrow. However, evolving evidence supports the notion that NK cells also develop and differentiate in tissues. Here, we summarize the molecular basis, phenotypic signatures, and functions of tissue-resident NK cells and compare them with conventional NK cells. MDPI 2020-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7352973/ /pubmed/32545516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061553 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hashemi, Elaheh
Malarkannan, Subramaniam
Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance
title Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance
title_full Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance
title_fullStr Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance
title_full_unstemmed Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance
title_short Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance
title_sort tissue-resident nk cells: development, maturation, and clinical relevance
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352973/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545516
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061553
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