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Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and are essential in killing infected or transformed cells. NK cells mediate their effector functions using non-clonotypic germ-line-encoded activation receptors. The utilization of non-polymorphic and conserved activating recep...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352973/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061553 |
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author | Hashemi, Elaheh Malarkannan, Subramaniam |
author_facet | Hashemi, Elaheh Malarkannan, Subramaniam |
author_sort | Hashemi, Elaheh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Natural killer (NK) cells belong to type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and are essential in killing infected or transformed cells. NK cells mediate their effector functions using non-clonotypic germ-line-encoded activation receptors. The utilization of non-polymorphic and conserved activating receptors promoted the conceptual dogma that NK cells are homogeneous with limited but focused immune functions. However, emerging studies reveal that NK cells are highly heterogeneous with divergent immune functions. A distinct combination of several activation and inhibitory receptors form a diverse array of NK cell subsets in both humans and mice. Importantly, one of the central factors that determine NK cell heterogeneity and their divergent functions is their tissue residency. Decades of studies provided strong support that NK cells develop in the bone marrow. However, evolving evidence supports the notion that NK cells also develop and differentiate in tissues. Here, we summarize the molecular basis, phenotypic signatures, and functions of tissue-resident NK cells and compare them with conventional NK cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7352973 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73529732020-07-15 Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance Hashemi, Elaheh Malarkannan, Subramaniam Cancers (Basel) Review Natural killer (NK) cells belong to type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and are essential in killing infected or transformed cells. NK cells mediate their effector functions using non-clonotypic germ-line-encoded activation receptors. The utilization of non-polymorphic and conserved activating receptors promoted the conceptual dogma that NK cells are homogeneous with limited but focused immune functions. However, emerging studies reveal that NK cells are highly heterogeneous with divergent immune functions. A distinct combination of several activation and inhibitory receptors form a diverse array of NK cell subsets in both humans and mice. Importantly, one of the central factors that determine NK cell heterogeneity and their divergent functions is their tissue residency. Decades of studies provided strong support that NK cells develop in the bone marrow. However, evolving evidence supports the notion that NK cells also develop and differentiate in tissues. Here, we summarize the molecular basis, phenotypic signatures, and functions of tissue-resident NK cells and compare them with conventional NK cells. MDPI 2020-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7352973/ /pubmed/32545516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061553 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Hashemi, Elaheh Malarkannan, Subramaniam Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance |
title | Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance |
title_full | Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance |
title_fullStr | Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance |
title_full_unstemmed | Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance |
title_short | Tissue-Resident NK Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Relevance |
title_sort | tissue-resident nk cells: development, maturation, and clinical relevance |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352973/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061553 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hashemielaheh tissueresidentnkcellsdevelopmentmaturationandclinicalrelevance AT malarkannansubramaniam tissueresidentnkcellsdevelopmentmaturationandclinicalrelevance |