Deriving Optimized PID Parameters of Nano-Ag Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method

Using the electrical spark discharge method, this study prepared a nano-Ag colloid using self-developed, microelectrical discharge machining equipment. Requiring no additional surfactant, the approach in question can be used at the ambient temperature and pressure. Moreover, this novel physical method of preparation produced no chemical pollution. This study conducted an in-depth investigation to establish the following electrical discharge conditions: gap electrical discharge, short circuits, and open circuits. Short circuits affect system lifespan and cause electrode consumption, resulting in large, non-nanoscale particles. Accordingly, in this study, research for and design of a new logic judgment circuit set was used to determine the short-circuit rate. The Ziegler–Nichols proportional–integral–derivative (PID) method was then adopted to find optimal PID values for reducing the ratio between short-circuit and discharge rates of the system. The particle size, zeta potential, and ultraviolet spectrum of the nano-Ag colloid prepared using the aforementioned method were also analyzed with nanoanalysis equipment. Lastly, the characteristics of nanosized particles were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope. This study found that the lowest ratio between short-circuit rates was obtained (1.77%) when PID parameters were such that K(p) was 0.96, K(i) was 5.760576, and K(d) was 0.039996. For the nano-Ag colloid prepared using the aforementioned PID parameters, the particle size was 3.409 nm, zeta potential was approximately −46.8 mV, absorbance was approximately 0.26, and surface plasmon resonance was 390 nm. Therefore, this study demonstrated that reducing the short-circuit rate can substantially enhance the effectiveness of the preparation and produce an optimal nano-Ag colloid.