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Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe

Phenylketonuria and tyrosinemia type 1 are treated with dietary phenylalanine (Phe) restriction. Aspartame is a Phe-containing synthetic sweetener used in many products, including many ‘regular’ soft drinks. Its amount is (often) not declared; therefore, patients are advised not to consume aspartame...

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Autores principales: van Vliet, Kimber, Melis, Elise S., de Blaauw, Pim, van Dam, Esther, Maatman, Ronald G. H. J., Abeln, David, van Spronsen, Francjan J., Heiner-Fokkema, M. Rebecca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7353418/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32599819
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061887
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author van Vliet, Kimber
Melis, Elise S.
de Blaauw, Pim
van Dam, Esther
Maatman, Ronald G. H. J.
Abeln, David
van Spronsen, Francjan J.
Heiner-Fokkema, M. Rebecca
author_facet van Vliet, Kimber
Melis, Elise S.
de Blaauw, Pim
van Dam, Esther
Maatman, Ronald G. H. J.
Abeln, David
van Spronsen, Francjan J.
Heiner-Fokkema, M. Rebecca
author_sort van Vliet, Kimber
collection PubMed
description Phenylketonuria and tyrosinemia type 1 are treated with dietary phenylalanine (Phe) restriction. Aspartame is a Phe-containing synthetic sweetener used in many products, including many ‘regular’ soft drinks. Its amount is (often) not declared; therefore, patients are advised not to consume aspartame-containing foods. This study aimed to determine the variation in aspartame concentrations and its Phe-containing degradation products in aspartame-containing soft drinks. For this, an LC–MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of aspartame, Phe, aspartylphenylalanine, and diketopiperazine in soft drinks. In total, 111 regularly used soft drinks from 10 European countries were analyzed. The method proved linear and had an inter-assay precision (CV%) below 5% for aspartame and higher CVs% of 4.4–49.6% for the degradation products, as many concentrations were at the limit of quantification. Aspartame and total Phe concentrations in the aspartame-containing soft drinks varied from 103 to 1790 µmol/L (30–527 mg/L) and from 119 to 2013 µmol/L (20–332 mg/L), respectively, and were highly variable among similar soft drinks bought in different countries. Since Phe concentrations between drinks and countries highly vary, we strongly advocate the declaration of the amount of aspartame on soft drink labels, as some drinks may be suitable for consumption by patients with Phe-restricted diets.
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spelling pubmed-73534182020-07-15 Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe van Vliet, Kimber Melis, Elise S. de Blaauw, Pim van Dam, Esther Maatman, Ronald G. H. J. Abeln, David van Spronsen, Francjan J. Heiner-Fokkema, M. Rebecca Nutrients Article Phenylketonuria and tyrosinemia type 1 are treated with dietary phenylalanine (Phe) restriction. Aspartame is a Phe-containing synthetic sweetener used in many products, including many ‘regular’ soft drinks. Its amount is (often) not declared; therefore, patients are advised not to consume aspartame-containing foods. This study aimed to determine the variation in aspartame concentrations and its Phe-containing degradation products in aspartame-containing soft drinks. For this, an LC–MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of aspartame, Phe, aspartylphenylalanine, and diketopiperazine in soft drinks. In total, 111 regularly used soft drinks from 10 European countries were analyzed. The method proved linear and had an inter-assay precision (CV%) below 5% for aspartame and higher CVs% of 4.4–49.6% for the degradation products, as many concentrations were at the limit of quantification. Aspartame and total Phe concentrations in the aspartame-containing soft drinks varied from 103 to 1790 µmol/L (30–527 mg/L) and from 119 to 2013 µmol/L (20–332 mg/L), respectively, and were highly variable among similar soft drinks bought in different countries. Since Phe concentrations between drinks and countries highly vary, we strongly advocate the declaration of the amount of aspartame on soft drink labels, as some drinks may be suitable for consumption by patients with Phe-restricted diets. MDPI 2020-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7353418/ /pubmed/32599819 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061887 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
van Vliet, Kimber
Melis, Elise S.
de Blaauw, Pim
van Dam, Esther
Maatman, Ronald G. H. J.
Abeln, David
van Spronsen, Francjan J.
Heiner-Fokkema, M. Rebecca
Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe
title Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe
title_full Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe
title_fullStr Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe
title_full_unstemmed Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe
title_short Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe
title_sort aspartame and phe-containing degradation products in soft drinks across europe
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7353418/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32599819
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061887
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