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Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including environmental, genetic and gender components. However, underlying infectious triggers to the disease are also suspected. There...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7354629/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545816 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060643 |
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author | Tarlinton, Rachael E. Martynova, Ekaterina Rizvanov, Albert A. Khaiboullina, Svetlana Verma, Subhash |
author_facet | Tarlinton, Rachael E. Martynova, Ekaterina Rizvanov, Albert A. Khaiboullina, Svetlana Verma, Subhash |
author_sort | Tarlinton, Rachael E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including environmental, genetic and gender components. However, underlying infectious triggers to the disease are also suspected. There is an increasing abundance of evidence supporting a viral etiology to MS, including the efficacy of interferon therapy and over-detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids when compared with healthy patients. Several viruses have been proposed as potential triggering agents, including Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, varicella–zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, John Cunningham virus and human endogenous retroviruses. These viruses are all near ubiquitous and have a high prevalence in adult populations (or in the case of the retroviruses are actually part of the genome). They can establish lifelong infections with periods of reactivation, which may be linked to the relapsing nature of MS. In this review, the evidence for a role for viral infection in MS will be discussed with an emphasis on immune system activation related to MS disease pathogenesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7354629 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73546292020-07-23 Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis Tarlinton, Rachael E. Martynova, Ekaterina Rizvanov, Albert A. Khaiboullina, Svetlana Verma, Subhash Viruses Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including environmental, genetic and gender components. However, underlying infectious triggers to the disease are also suspected. There is an increasing abundance of evidence supporting a viral etiology to MS, including the efficacy of interferon therapy and over-detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids when compared with healthy patients. Several viruses have been proposed as potential triggering agents, including Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, varicella–zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, John Cunningham virus and human endogenous retroviruses. These viruses are all near ubiquitous and have a high prevalence in adult populations (or in the case of the retroviruses are actually part of the genome). They can establish lifelong infections with periods of reactivation, which may be linked to the relapsing nature of MS. In this review, the evidence for a role for viral infection in MS will be discussed with an emphasis on immune system activation related to MS disease pathogenesis. MDPI 2020-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7354629/ /pubmed/32545816 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060643 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Tarlinton, Rachael E. Martynova, Ekaterina Rizvanov, Albert A. Khaiboullina, Svetlana Verma, Subhash Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis |
title | Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full | Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis |
title_fullStr | Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis |
title_short | Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis |
title_sort | role of viruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7354629/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545816 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060643 |
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