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E-Cigarette Liquid Provokes Significant Embryotoxicity and Inhibits Angiogenesis

E-cigarette smoking (ECS) is a new method of tobacco smoking that is gaining popularity as it is thought to be a “healthy method” of tobacco consumption. The adverse outcomes of ECS on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in humans have been recently demonstrated. Nevertheless, the effect of e...

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Autores principales: Ashour, Anas A., Alhussain, Hashim, Bin Rashid, Umar, Abughazzah, Labiba, Gupta, Ishita, Malki, Ahmed, Vranic, Semir, Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7355589/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471135
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8020038
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author Ashour, Anas A.
Alhussain, Hashim
Bin Rashid, Umar
Abughazzah, Labiba
Gupta, Ishita
Malki, Ahmed
Vranic, Semir
Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin
author_facet Ashour, Anas A.
Alhussain, Hashim
Bin Rashid, Umar
Abughazzah, Labiba
Gupta, Ishita
Malki, Ahmed
Vranic, Semir
Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin
author_sort Ashour, Anas A.
collection PubMed
description E-cigarette smoking (ECS) is a new method of tobacco smoking that is gaining popularity as it is thought to be a “healthy method” of tobacco consumption. The adverse outcomes of ECS on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in humans have been recently demonstrated. Nevertheless, the effect of e-cigarette liquid (ECL) on the early stage of embryogenesis and angiogenesis has not been explored yet. Chicken embryo at 3 days of incubation and its chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 5 days were used to explore the outcome of ECL on the embryo. Real-time PCR was also employed to study the regulation of a set of key controller genes of embryogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Our study revealed that ECL exposure is associated with a high rate of mortality in embryos as around 70% of treated embryos, at 3 days of incubation, die after 5 days of exposure. Additionally, ECL inhibits angiogenesis of the CAM of 5 days of incubation by more than 30%. These effects could be explained by the upregulation of ATF-3, FOXA2, INHBA, MAPRE-2, and RIPK-1, as well as the downregulation of SERPINA-4 and VEGF-C genes, which are important key controller genes of embryogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Our data suggest clearly that ECS can have dramatic toxic outcomes on the early stage of embryogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Accordingly, we believe that further studies to assess the effects of ECS on human health are essential.
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spelling pubmed-73555892020-07-23 E-Cigarette Liquid Provokes Significant Embryotoxicity and Inhibits Angiogenesis Ashour, Anas A. Alhussain, Hashim Bin Rashid, Umar Abughazzah, Labiba Gupta, Ishita Malki, Ahmed Vranic, Semir Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin Toxics Article E-cigarette smoking (ECS) is a new method of tobacco smoking that is gaining popularity as it is thought to be a “healthy method” of tobacco consumption. The adverse outcomes of ECS on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in humans have been recently demonstrated. Nevertheless, the effect of e-cigarette liquid (ECL) on the early stage of embryogenesis and angiogenesis has not been explored yet. Chicken embryo at 3 days of incubation and its chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 5 days were used to explore the outcome of ECL on the embryo. Real-time PCR was also employed to study the regulation of a set of key controller genes of embryogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Our study revealed that ECL exposure is associated with a high rate of mortality in embryos as around 70% of treated embryos, at 3 days of incubation, die after 5 days of exposure. Additionally, ECL inhibits angiogenesis of the CAM of 5 days of incubation by more than 30%. These effects could be explained by the upregulation of ATF-3, FOXA2, INHBA, MAPRE-2, and RIPK-1, as well as the downregulation of SERPINA-4 and VEGF-C genes, which are important key controller genes of embryogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Our data suggest clearly that ECS can have dramatic toxic outcomes on the early stage of embryogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Accordingly, we believe that further studies to assess the effects of ECS on human health are essential. MDPI 2020-05-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7355589/ /pubmed/32471135 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8020038 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ashour, Anas A.
Alhussain, Hashim
Bin Rashid, Umar
Abughazzah, Labiba
Gupta, Ishita
Malki, Ahmed
Vranic, Semir
Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin
E-Cigarette Liquid Provokes Significant Embryotoxicity and Inhibits Angiogenesis
title E-Cigarette Liquid Provokes Significant Embryotoxicity and Inhibits Angiogenesis
title_full E-Cigarette Liquid Provokes Significant Embryotoxicity and Inhibits Angiogenesis
title_fullStr E-Cigarette Liquid Provokes Significant Embryotoxicity and Inhibits Angiogenesis
title_full_unstemmed E-Cigarette Liquid Provokes Significant Embryotoxicity and Inhibits Angiogenesis
title_short E-Cigarette Liquid Provokes Significant Embryotoxicity and Inhibits Angiogenesis
title_sort e-cigarette liquid provokes significant embryotoxicity and inhibits angiogenesis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7355589/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471135
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8020038
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