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Inactivation of the sfgtr4 Gene of Shigella flexneri Induces Biofilm Formation and Affects Bacterial Pathogenicity
Biofilm formation is a significant cause for the environmental persistence of foodborne pathogens. This phenomenon remains misunderstood in Shigella flexneri whose pathogenicity is mainly associated with the virulence plasmid pWR100. Sequence analysis of the latter predicts a putative lipopolysaccha...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7355660/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32512756 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060841 |
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author | Kaoukab-Raji, Abdelmoughit Biskri, Latéfa Allaoui, Abdelmounaaïm |
author_facet | Kaoukab-Raji, Abdelmoughit Biskri, Latéfa Allaoui, Abdelmounaaïm |
author_sort | Kaoukab-Raji, Abdelmoughit |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biofilm formation is a significant cause for the environmental persistence of foodborne pathogens. This phenomenon remains misunderstood in Shigella flexneri whose pathogenicity is mainly associated with the virulence plasmid pWR100. Sequence analysis of the latter predicts a putative lipopolysaccharides (LPS) glycosyltransferase (Gtr) encoded by Sfgtr4, which is the second gene of the SfpgdA-orf186-virK-msbB2 locus. We demonstrated here that purified SfGtr4 exhibited a Gtr activity in vitro by transferring glucose to lipid A. To establish the role of SfGtr4 in virulence, we generated a Sfgtr4 mutant and assessed its phenotype in vitro. Sfgtr4 mutant significantly reduced HeLa cells invasion without impairing type III effectors secretion, increased susceptibility to lysozyme degradation, and enhanced bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). SfGtr4 is related to proteins required in biofilm formation. We established conditions whereby wild-type Shigella formed biofilm and revealed that its appearance was accelerated by the Sfgtr4 mutant. Additional phenotypical analysis revealed that single SfpdgA and double SfpgdA-Sfgtr4 mutants behaved similarly to Sfgtr4 mutant. Furthermore, a molecular interaction between SfGtr4 and SfPgdA was identified. In summary, the dual contribution of SfGtr4 and SfPgdA to the pathogenicity and the regulation biofilm formation by S. flexneri was demonstrated here. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7355660 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73556602020-07-23 Inactivation of the sfgtr4 Gene of Shigella flexneri Induces Biofilm Formation and Affects Bacterial Pathogenicity Kaoukab-Raji, Abdelmoughit Biskri, Latéfa Allaoui, Abdelmounaaïm Microorganisms Article Biofilm formation is a significant cause for the environmental persistence of foodborne pathogens. This phenomenon remains misunderstood in Shigella flexneri whose pathogenicity is mainly associated with the virulence plasmid pWR100. Sequence analysis of the latter predicts a putative lipopolysaccharides (LPS) glycosyltransferase (Gtr) encoded by Sfgtr4, which is the second gene of the SfpgdA-orf186-virK-msbB2 locus. We demonstrated here that purified SfGtr4 exhibited a Gtr activity in vitro by transferring glucose to lipid A. To establish the role of SfGtr4 in virulence, we generated a Sfgtr4 mutant and assessed its phenotype in vitro. Sfgtr4 mutant significantly reduced HeLa cells invasion without impairing type III effectors secretion, increased susceptibility to lysozyme degradation, and enhanced bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). SfGtr4 is related to proteins required in biofilm formation. We established conditions whereby wild-type Shigella formed biofilm and revealed that its appearance was accelerated by the Sfgtr4 mutant. Additional phenotypical analysis revealed that single SfpdgA and double SfpgdA-Sfgtr4 mutants behaved similarly to Sfgtr4 mutant. Furthermore, a molecular interaction between SfGtr4 and SfPgdA was identified. In summary, the dual contribution of SfGtr4 and SfPgdA to the pathogenicity and the regulation biofilm formation by S. flexneri was demonstrated here. MDPI 2020-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7355660/ /pubmed/32512756 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060841 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kaoukab-Raji, Abdelmoughit Biskri, Latéfa Allaoui, Abdelmounaaïm Inactivation of the sfgtr4 Gene of Shigella flexneri Induces Biofilm Formation and Affects Bacterial Pathogenicity |
title | Inactivation of the sfgtr4 Gene of Shigella flexneri Induces Biofilm Formation and Affects Bacterial Pathogenicity |
title_full | Inactivation of the sfgtr4 Gene of Shigella flexneri Induces Biofilm Formation and Affects Bacterial Pathogenicity |
title_fullStr | Inactivation of the sfgtr4 Gene of Shigella flexneri Induces Biofilm Formation and Affects Bacterial Pathogenicity |
title_full_unstemmed | Inactivation of the sfgtr4 Gene of Shigella flexneri Induces Biofilm Formation and Affects Bacterial Pathogenicity |
title_short | Inactivation of the sfgtr4 Gene of Shigella flexneri Induces Biofilm Formation and Affects Bacterial Pathogenicity |
title_sort | inactivation of the sfgtr4 gene of shigella flexneri induces biofilm formation and affects bacterial pathogenicity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7355660/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32512756 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060841 |
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