The surfactants effect on the heat transfer enhancement and stability of nanofluid at constant wall temperature

Surfactants role in the enhancement of the heat transfer and stability of alumina oxide – distilled water nanofluid was introduced in this research, where there are limited studies that conjugate between the stability improvement and its effect on the heat transfer coefficients. Four weight concentrations for the experiment were used (0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%) with 20 nm particle size under a constant wall temperature. The selection of appropriate surfactants weight was tested too by implementing three weight concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 %) related to each nanofluid concentration via measuring their effect on the zeta potential value. The heat transfer augmentation was tested through a double horizontal pipe under a constant wall temperature at entrance region with Reynolds number range (4000–11800). The results manifested the use of nanofluid worked on enhancement the heat transfer performance better than water, and the stable nanofluid elucidated better results.