Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Clinical Remission during an 8-Week Infliximab Infusion Cycle

This study investigated changes in the intestinal microbiota during 8-week infliximab maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in clinical remission. Microbial compositional differences were analyzed according to the trough level of infliximab (TLI) and mucosal healing (MH) status. 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profiling was performed on 10 and 74 fecal samples from 10 healthy volunteers and 40 adult IBD patients, respectively. Fecal sampling occurred at 1–2 weeks (1W) and 7–8 weeks (7W) after infliximab infusion. TLI was measured by ELISA at 8 weeks, immediately before the subsequent infusion; MH was evaluated by endoscopy within 3 months. There were no significant changes in microbial composition, species richness, or diversity indices between 1W and 7W. However, 7W samples from the patients with TLI ≥ 5 μg/mL showed an increased species richness compared with patients with TLI < 5 μg/mL, and patients with MH showed increased diversity compared with non-MH patients. Beta-diversity analysis showed clustering between samples in the MH and non-MH groups. LEfSe analysis identified differential composition of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group according to TLI and MH. In conclusion, these results suggest the potential of fecal microbiota as a response indicator.