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Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A
Lanthanides (Ln) are an essential cofactor for XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) in Gram-negative methylotrophs. The Ln(3+) dependency of XoxF has expanded knowledge and raised new questions in methylotrophy, including the differences in characteristics of XoxF-type MDHs, their regulation, an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7356819/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060822 |
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author | Yanpirat, Patcha Nakatsuji, Yukari Hiraga, Shota Fujitani, Yoshiko Izumi, Terumi Masuda, Sachiko Mitsui, Ryoji Nakagawa, Tomoyuki Tani, Akio |
author_facet | Yanpirat, Patcha Nakatsuji, Yukari Hiraga, Shota Fujitani, Yoshiko Izumi, Terumi Masuda, Sachiko Mitsui, Ryoji Nakagawa, Tomoyuki Tani, Akio |
author_sort | Yanpirat, Patcha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lanthanides (Ln) are an essential cofactor for XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) in Gram-negative methylotrophs. The Ln(3+) dependency of XoxF has expanded knowledge and raised new questions in methylotrophy, including the differences in characteristics of XoxF-type MDHs, their regulation, and the methylotrophic metabolism including formaldehyde oxidation. In this study, we genetically identified one set of Ln(3+)- and Ca(2+)-dependent MDHs (XoxF1 and MxaFI), that are involved in methylotrophy, and an ExaF-type Ln(3+)-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase, among six MDH-like genes in Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A. We also identified the causative mutations in MxbD, a sensor kinase necessary for mxaF expression and xoxF1 repression, for suppressive phenotypes in xoxF1 mutants defective in methanol growth even in the absence of Ln(3+). Furthermore, we examined the phenotypes of a series of formaldehyde oxidation-pathway mutants (fae1, fae2, mch in the tetrahydromethanopterin (H(4)MPT) pathway and hgd in the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (GSH) pathway). We found that MxaF produces formaldehyde to a toxic level in the absence of the formaldehyde oxidation pathways and that either XoxF1 or ExaF can oxidize formaldehyde to alleviate formaldehyde toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, the GSH pathway has a supportive role for the net formaldehyde oxidation in addition to the H(4)MPT pathway that has primary importance. Studies on methylotrophy in Methylobacterium species have a long history, and this study provides further insights into genetic and physiological diversity and the differences in methylotrophy within the plant-colonizing methylotrophs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7356819 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73568192020-07-22 Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A Yanpirat, Patcha Nakatsuji, Yukari Hiraga, Shota Fujitani, Yoshiko Izumi, Terumi Masuda, Sachiko Mitsui, Ryoji Nakagawa, Tomoyuki Tani, Akio Microorganisms Article Lanthanides (Ln) are an essential cofactor for XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) in Gram-negative methylotrophs. The Ln(3+) dependency of XoxF has expanded knowledge and raised new questions in methylotrophy, including the differences in characteristics of XoxF-type MDHs, their regulation, and the methylotrophic metabolism including formaldehyde oxidation. In this study, we genetically identified one set of Ln(3+)- and Ca(2+)-dependent MDHs (XoxF1 and MxaFI), that are involved in methylotrophy, and an ExaF-type Ln(3+)-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase, among six MDH-like genes in Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A. We also identified the causative mutations in MxbD, a sensor kinase necessary for mxaF expression and xoxF1 repression, for suppressive phenotypes in xoxF1 mutants defective in methanol growth even in the absence of Ln(3+). Furthermore, we examined the phenotypes of a series of formaldehyde oxidation-pathway mutants (fae1, fae2, mch in the tetrahydromethanopterin (H(4)MPT) pathway and hgd in the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (GSH) pathway). We found that MxaF produces formaldehyde to a toxic level in the absence of the formaldehyde oxidation pathways and that either XoxF1 or ExaF can oxidize formaldehyde to alleviate formaldehyde toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, the GSH pathway has a supportive role for the net formaldehyde oxidation in addition to the H(4)MPT pathway that has primary importance. Studies on methylotrophy in Methylobacterium species have a long history, and this study provides further insights into genetic and physiological diversity and the differences in methylotrophy within the plant-colonizing methylotrophs. MDPI 2020-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7356819/ /pubmed/32486139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060822 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yanpirat, Patcha Nakatsuji, Yukari Hiraga, Shota Fujitani, Yoshiko Izumi, Terumi Masuda, Sachiko Mitsui, Ryoji Nakagawa, Tomoyuki Tani, Akio Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A |
title | Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A |
title_full | Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A |
title_fullStr | Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A |
title_full_unstemmed | Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A |
title_short | Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A |
title_sort | lanthanide-dependent methanol and formaldehyde oxidation in methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22a |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7356819/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060822 |
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