Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Long-Range Pathogen: Systemic Impact and Therapeutic Implications

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with a dysbiosis of the oral flora characterized by a chronic sustained inflammation leading to destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Over the last decade, an association between periodontitis and systemic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and obesity has been demonstrated. The role of periodontal pathogens, notably Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), in the onset or exacerbation of systemic diseases has been proposed. P. gingivalis expresses several virulence factors that promote its survival, spreading, and sustaining systemic inflammation. Recently, the impact of periodontitis on gut dysbiosis has also been suggested as a potential mechanism underlying the systemic influence of periodontitis. New therapeutic strategies for periodontitis and other dysbiotic conditions, including the use of beneficial microbes to restore healthy microbial flora, may pave the way to improved therapeutic outcomes and more thorough patient management.