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Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Dysregulated innate immune responses mediated by macrophages play critical roles in progressive renal injury. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory ‘M1’ and anti-inflammatory ‘M2’...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7358194/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32660446 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-01921-7 |
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author | Lee, Hewang Fessler, Michael B. Qu, Peng Heymann, Jurgen Kopp, Jeffrey B. |
author_facet | Lee, Hewang Fessler, Michael B. Qu, Peng Heymann, Jurgen Kopp, Jeffrey B. |
author_sort | Lee, Hewang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Dysregulated innate immune responses mediated by macrophages play critical roles in progressive renal injury. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory ‘M1’ and anti-inflammatory ‘M2’ states represent the two extreme maturation programs of macrophages during tissue injury. However, the effects of macrophage polarization on the pathogenesis of CKD are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the innate immune mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization and the role of macrophage polarization in the initiation, progression, resolution and recurrence of CKD. Macrophage activation and polarization are initiated through recognition of conserved endogenous and exogenous molecular motifs by pattern recognition receptors, chiefly, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are located on the cell surface and in endosomes, and NLR inflammasomes, which are positioned in the cytosol. Recent data suggest that genetic variants of the innate immune molecule apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) that are associated with increased CKD prevalence in people of African descent, mediate an atypical M1 macrophage polarization. Manipulation of macrophage polarization may offer novel strategies to address dysregulated immunometabolism and may provide a complementary approach along with current podocentric treatment for glomerular diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7358194 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73581942020-07-17 Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease Lee, Hewang Fessler, Michael B. Qu, Peng Heymann, Jurgen Kopp, Jeffrey B. BMC Nephrol Review Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Dysregulated innate immune responses mediated by macrophages play critical roles in progressive renal injury. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory ‘M1’ and anti-inflammatory ‘M2’ states represent the two extreme maturation programs of macrophages during tissue injury. However, the effects of macrophage polarization on the pathogenesis of CKD are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the innate immune mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization and the role of macrophage polarization in the initiation, progression, resolution and recurrence of CKD. Macrophage activation and polarization are initiated through recognition of conserved endogenous and exogenous molecular motifs by pattern recognition receptors, chiefly, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are located on the cell surface and in endosomes, and NLR inflammasomes, which are positioned in the cytosol. Recent data suggest that genetic variants of the innate immune molecule apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) that are associated with increased CKD prevalence in people of African descent, mediate an atypical M1 macrophage polarization. Manipulation of macrophage polarization may offer novel strategies to address dysregulated immunometabolism and may provide a complementary approach along with current podocentric treatment for glomerular diseases. BioMed Central 2020-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7358194/ /pubmed/32660446 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-01921-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Lee, Hewang Fessler, Michael B. Qu, Peng Heymann, Jurgen Kopp, Jeffrey B. Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
title | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
title_full | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
title_fullStr | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
title_short | Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
title_sort | macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7358194/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32660446 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-01921-7 |
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