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Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping
Shrinkage and warping of additive manufacturing (AM) parts are two critical issues that adversely influence the dimensional accuracy especially in powder bed fusion processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS). Powder fusion, material solidification, and recrystallization are the key stages cau...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7361694/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32570984 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061373 |
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author | Li, Jiang Yuan, Shangqin Zhu, Jihong Li, Shaoying Zhang, Weihong |
author_facet | Li, Jiang Yuan, Shangqin Zhu, Jihong Li, Shaoying Zhang, Weihong |
author_sort | Li, Jiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Shrinkage and warping of additive manufacturing (AM) parts are two critical issues that adversely influence the dimensional accuracy especially in powder bed fusion processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS). Powder fusion, material solidification, and recrystallization are the key stages causing volumetric changes of polymeric materials during the abrupt heating–cooling process. In this work, the mechanisms of shrinkage and warping of semi-crystalline polyamide (PA) 12 in SLS are well investigated. Heat-transfer and thermo-mechanical models are established to predict the process-dependent shrinkage and warping. The influence of raw material- and laser-related parameters are considered in the heat-transfer and thermo-mechanical models. Such models are established considering the natural thermal gradient and dynamic recrystallization, which induce internal strain and volumetric change. Moreover, an experimental design via orthogonal approach is introduced to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed models. Finally, the quantitative relationships of process parameters with product shrinkage and warping are established; the dimensional accuracy in part-scale can be well predicted and validated with printed parts in a real experiment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7361694 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73616942020-07-21 Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping Li, Jiang Yuan, Shangqin Zhu, Jihong Li, Shaoying Zhang, Weihong Polymers (Basel) Article Shrinkage and warping of additive manufacturing (AM) parts are two critical issues that adversely influence the dimensional accuracy especially in powder bed fusion processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS). Powder fusion, material solidification, and recrystallization are the key stages causing volumetric changes of polymeric materials during the abrupt heating–cooling process. In this work, the mechanisms of shrinkage and warping of semi-crystalline polyamide (PA) 12 in SLS are well investigated. Heat-transfer and thermo-mechanical models are established to predict the process-dependent shrinkage and warping. The influence of raw material- and laser-related parameters are considered in the heat-transfer and thermo-mechanical models. Such models are established considering the natural thermal gradient and dynamic recrystallization, which induce internal strain and volumetric change. Moreover, an experimental design via orthogonal approach is introduced to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed models. Finally, the quantitative relationships of process parameters with product shrinkage and warping are established; the dimensional accuracy in part-scale can be well predicted and validated with printed parts in a real experiment. MDPI 2020-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7361694/ /pubmed/32570984 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061373 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Jiang Yuan, Shangqin Zhu, Jihong Li, Shaoying Zhang, Weihong Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping |
title | Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping |
title_full | Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping |
title_fullStr | Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping |
title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping |
title_short | Numerical Model and Experimental Validation for Laser Sinterable Semi-Crystalline Polymer: Shrinkage and Warping |
title_sort | numerical model and experimental validation for laser sinterable semi-crystalline polymer: shrinkage and warping |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7361694/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32570984 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061373 |
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