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The Eskimo-Aleut Dentition: Crown and Root Morphology

OBJECTIVE OF WORK: This paper provides an overview of crown and root morphology in Eskimo-Aleut populations of the American Arctic. For context, Eskimo-Aleut dental variation is compared to closely related American Indians and distantly related Europeans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The characterization o...

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Autor principal: Scott, Richard G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, and Croatian Dental Society - Croatian Medical Association 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7362739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32801379
http://dx.doi.org/10.15644/asc54/2/10
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author Scott, Richard G.
author_facet Scott, Richard G.
author_sort Scott, Richard G.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE OF WORK: This paper provides an overview of crown and root morphology in Eskimo-Aleut populations of the American Arctic. For context, Eskimo-Aleut dental variation is compared to closely related American Indians and distantly related Europeans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The characterization of dental trait frequency variation is based on observations made on approximately 10,000 dentitions scored by the late Christy G. Turner II and the author. Sixteen crown and five root traits were scored following the conventions outlined in the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. RESULTS: Of the 21 dental traits considered, only three showed slight differences among Eskimo-Aleuts, American Indians, and Europeans (UM1 cusp 5, LM2 groove pattern, LM2 root number). For the remaining traits, there was typically a dramatic contrast between the two New World populations and Europeans. While generally similar, Eskimo-Aleuts and American Indians showed differences in UI1 winging, shoveling, and double shoveling, UM1 Carabelli trait, 2-cusped UM2, 3-rooted UM2, and especially 3-rooted LM1. CONCLUSION: The differences between the three groups are likely a product of genetic drift and founder effect although recent work on the EDAR V370A allele suggests some dental variables like shoveling and lower molar cusp number may indirectly reflect natural selection operating on other variables influenced by this allele. KEY WORDS: Tooth Crown; Tooth Root; Alaska Natives; North American Indians; European Continental Ancestry Group
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spelling pubmed-73627392020-08-13 The Eskimo-Aleut Dentition: Crown and Root Morphology Scott, Richard G. Acta Stomatol Croat Review OBJECTIVE OF WORK: This paper provides an overview of crown and root morphology in Eskimo-Aleut populations of the American Arctic. For context, Eskimo-Aleut dental variation is compared to closely related American Indians and distantly related Europeans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The characterization of dental trait frequency variation is based on observations made on approximately 10,000 dentitions scored by the late Christy G. Turner II and the author. Sixteen crown and five root traits were scored following the conventions outlined in the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. RESULTS: Of the 21 dental traits considered, only three showed slight differences among Eskimo-Aleuts, American Indians, and Europeans (UM1 cusp 5, LM2 groove pattern, LM2 root number). For the remaining traits, there was typically a dramatic contrast between the two New World populations and Europeans. While generally similar, Eskimo-Aleuts and American Indians showed differences in UI1 winging, shoveling, and double shoveling, UM1 Carabelli trait, 2-cusped UM2, 3-rooted UM2, and especially 3-rooted LM1. CONCLUSION: The differences between the three groups are likely a product of genetic drift and founder effect although recent work on the EDAR V370A allele suggests some dental variables like shoveling and lower molar cusp number may indirectly reflect natural selection operating on other variables influenced by this allele. KEY WORDS: Tooth Crown; Tooth Root; Alaska Natives; North American Indians; European Continental Ancestry Group University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, and Croatian Dental Society - Croatian Medical Association 2020-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7362739/ /pubmed/32801379 http://dx.doi.org/10.15644/asc54/2/10 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 License.
spellingShingle Review
Scott, Richard G.
The Eskimo-Aleut Dentition: Crown and Root Morphology
title The Eskimo-Aleut Dentition: Crown and Root Morphology
title_full The Eskimo-Aleut Dentition: Crown and Root Morphology
title_fullStr The Eskimo-Aleut Dentition: Crown and Root Morphology
title_full_unstemmed The Eskimo-Aleut Dentition: Crown and Root Morphology
title_short The Eskimo-Aleut Dentition: Crown and Root Morphology
title_sort eskimo-aleut dentition: crown and root morphology
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7362739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32801379
http://dx.doi.org/10.15644/asc54/2/10
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