Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Risk Score Assessment for Complications in Acute Anterior Wall ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Introduction and objective Effective risk stratification is integral to the management of acute coronary syndromes. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is based on eight high-risk parameters that can be used at the bedside for risk stratification of patients presenting with STEMI. This study was designed to determine the frequency of cardiac complications of anterior wall STEMI assessed on TIMI risk score and to compare the rate of cardiac complications according to the TIMI score. Materials and methods An observational case series study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology at Sandeman Provincial Hospital in Quetta, Pakistan. The study duration was six months, from September 22, 2016 to March 23, 2017. A total of 369 patients were selected who had anterior wall myocardial infarction and received thrombolytic therapy, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The TIMI score was calculated by proforma at the time of admission. Patients were divided into three groups: low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk TIMI groups. The frequency of complications of anterior wall myocardial infarction at the time of discharge was compared among these groups. Results The study included 285 male patients (77.2%) and 84 (22.8%) female patients. A total of 174 (47.2%) patients were smokers, 79 (21.4%) were obese, and 93 (25.2%) had hyperlipidemia. Of the 369 patients, 205 (55.6%) were included in the low-risk group, 150 (40.7%) in the moderate-risk group, and 14 (3.8%) in the high-risk group. Post-myocardial infarction arrhythmias were noted in 33 (16.09%) patients in the low-risk group and six (4%) patients in the moderate-risk group. Left ventricular dysfunction was noted in 158 (77.07%) patients in the low-risk group, 78 (52%) patients in the moderate-risk group, and seven (50%) patients in the high-risk group. Cardiogenic shock occurred in seven (3.41%) patients in the low-risk group, 47 (31.33%) patients in the moderate-risk group, and 0 (0%) patient in the high-risk group. Death occurred in seven (3.41%) patients in the low-risk group, 19 (12.66%) patients in the moderate-risk group, and seven (50%) patients in the high-risk group. Conclusion TIMI scoring provides a better assessment in terms of complications caused by STEMI. The complications include the mechanical and electrophysiology of the heart.