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Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia
Shallow hydrothermal vent environments are typically very warm and acidic due to the mixing of ambient seawater with volcanic gasses (> 92% CO(2)) released through the seafloor making them potential ‘natural laboratories’ to study long-term adaptations to extreme hypercapnic conditions. Xenograps...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7367285/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32678186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68656-1 |
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author | Allen, Garett J. P. Kuan, Pou-Long Tseng, Yung-Che Hwang, Pung-Pung Quijada-Rodriguez, Alex R. Weihrauch, Dirk |
author_facet | Allen, Garett J. P. Kuan, Pou-Long Tseng, Yung-Che Hwang, Pung-Pung Quijada-Rodriguez, Alex R. Weihrauch, Dirk |
author_sort | Allen, Garett J. P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Shallow hydrothermal vent environments are typically very warm and acidic due to the mixing of ambient seawater with volcanic gasses (> 92% CO(2)) released through the seafloor making them potential ‘natural laboratories’ to study long-term adaptations to extreme hypercapnic conditions. Xenograpsus testudinatus, the shallow hydrothermal vent crab, is the sole metazoan inhabitant endemic to vents surrounding Kueishantao Island, Taiwan, where it inhabits waters that are generally pH 6.50 with maximum acidities reported as pH 5.50. This study assessed the acid–base regulatory capacity and the compensatory response of X. testudinatus to investigate its remarkable physiological adaptations. Hemolymph parameters (pH, [HCO(3)(−)], [Formula: see text] , [NH(4)(+)], and major ion compositions) and the whole animal’s rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were measured throughout a 14-day acclimation to pH 6.5 and 5.5. Data revealed that vent crabs are exceptionally strong acid–base regulators capable of maintaining homeostatic pH against extreme hypercapnia (pH 5.50, 24.6 kPa [Formula: see text] ) via HCO(3)(−)/Cl(−) exchange, retention and utilization of extracellular ammonia. Intact crabs as well as their isolated perfused gills maintained [Formula: see text] tensions below environmental levels suggesting the gills can excrete CO(2) against a hemolymph-directed [Formula: see text] gradient. These specialized physiological mechanisms may be amongst the adaptations required by vent-endemic animals surviving in extreme conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7367285 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73672852020-07-20 Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia Allen, Garett J. P. Kuan, Pou-Long Tseng, Yung-Che Hwang, Pung-Pung Quijada-Rodriguez, Alex R. Weihrauch, Dirk Sci Rep Article Shallow hydrothermal vent environments are typically very warm and acidic due to the mixing of ambient seawater with volcanic gasses (> 92% CO(2)) released through the seafloor making them potential ‘natural laboratories’ to study long-term adaptations to extreme hypercapnic conditions. Xenograpsus testudinatus, the shallow hydrothermal vent crab, is the sole metazoan inhabitant endemic to vents surrounding Kueishantao Island, Taiwan, where it inhabits waters that are generally pH 6.50 with maximum acidities reported as pH 5.50. This study assessed the acid–base regulatory capacity and the compensatory response of X. testudinatus to investigate its remarkable physiological adaptations. Hemolymph parameters (pH, [HCO(3)(−)], [Formula: see text] , [NH(4)(+)], and major ion compositions) and the whole animal’s rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were measured throughout a 14-day acclimation to pH 6.5 and 5.5. Data revealed that vent crabs are exceptionally strong acid–base regulators capable of maintaining homeostatic pH against extreme hypercapnia (pH 5.50, 24.6 kPa [Formula: see text] ) via HCO(3)(−)/Cl(−) exchange, retention and utilization of extracellular ammonia. Intact crabs as well as their isolated perfused gills maintained [Formula: see text] tensions below environmental levels suggesting the gills can excrete CO(2) against a hemolymph-directed [Formula: see text] gradient. These specialized physiological mechanisms may be amongst the adaptations required by vent-endemic animals surviving in extreme conditions. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7367285/ /pubmed/32678186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68656-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Allen, Garett J. P. Kuan, Pou-Long Tseng, Yung-Che Hwang, Pung-Pung Quijada-Rodriguez, Alex R. Weihrauch, Dirk Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia |
title | Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia |
title_full | Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia |
title_fullStr | Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia |
title_full_unstemmed | Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia |
title_short | Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia |
title_sort | specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7367285/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32678186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68656-1 |
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