Meta’omic analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism

The human gut microbiome is linked to many states of human health and disease.(1) The metabolic repertoire of the gut microbiome is vast, but the health implications of these bacterial pathways are poorly understood. In this study, we identify a link between members of the genus Veillonella and exercise performance. We observed an increase Veillonella relative abundance in marathon runners post-marathon and isolated a strain of Veillonella atypica from stool samples. Inoculation of this strain into mice significantly increased exhaustive treadmill runtime. Veillonella utilize lactate as their sole carbon source, which prompted us to perform shotgun metagenomic analysis in a cohort of elite athletes, finding that every gene in a major pathway metabolizing lactate to propionate is at higher relative abundance post-exercise. Using (13)C(3)-labeled lactate in mice we demonstrate that serum lactate crosses the epithelial barrier into the lumen of the gut. We also show that intrarectal instillation of propionate is sufficient to reproduce the increased treadmill runtime performance observed with V. atypica gavage. Taken together, these studies reveal that V. atypica improves runtime via its metabolic conversion of exercise-induced lactate into propionate, thereby identifying a natural, microbiome-encoded enzymatic process that enhances athletic performance.