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An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies

In patients with hematologic malignancies due to immune system disorders, especially persistent febrile neutropenia, invasive fungal infections (IFI) occur with high mortality. Aspergillosis, candidiasis, fusariosis, mucormycosis, cryptococcosis and trichosporonosis are the most important infections...

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Autores principales: Shariati, Aref, Moradabadi, Alireza, Chegini, Zahra, Khoshbayan, Amin, Didehdar, Mojtaba
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369308/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765009
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S254478
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author Shariati, Aref
Moradabadi, Alireza
Chegini, Zahra
Khoshbayan, Amin
Didehdar, Mojtaba
author_facet Shariati, Aref
Moradabadi, Alireza
Chegini, Zahra
Khoshbayan, Amin
Didehdar, Mojtaba
author_sort Shariati, Aref
collection PubMed
description In patients with hematologic malignancies due to immune system disorders, especially persistent febrile neutropenia, invasive fungal infections (IFI) occur with high mortality. Aspergillosis, candidiasis, fusariosis, mucormycosis, cryptococcosis and trichosporonosis are the most important infections reported in patients with hematologic malignancies that undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These infections are caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens that do not cause severe issues in healthy individuals, but in patients with hematologic malignancies lead to disseminated infection with different clinical manifestations. Prophylaxis and creating a safe environment with proper filters and air pressure for patients to avoid contact with the pathogens in the surrounding environment can prevent IFI. Furthermore, due to the absence of specific symptoms in IFI, rapid and accurate diagnosis reduces the mortality rate of these infections and using molecular techniques along with standard mycological methods will improve the diagnosis of disseminated fungal infection in patients with hematologic disorders. Amphotericin B products, extended-spectrum azoles, and echinocandins are the essential drugs to control invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies, and according to various conditions of patients, different results of treatment with these drugs have been reported in different studies. On the other hand, drug resistance in recent years has led to therapeutic failures and deaths in patients with blood malignancies, which indicates the need for antifungal susceptibility tests to use appropriate therapies. Life-threatening fungal infections have become more prevalent in patients with hematologic malignancies in recent years due to the emergence of new risk factors, new species, and increased drug resistance. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the different dimensions of the most critical invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies and present a list of these infections with different clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-73693082020-08-05 An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies Shariati, Aref Moradabadi, Alireza Chegini, Zahra Khoshbayan, Amin Didehdar, Mojtaba Infect Drug Resist Review In patients with hematologic malignancies due to immune system disorders, especially persistent febrile neutropenia, invasive fungal infections (IFI) occur with high mortality. Aspergillosis, candidiasis, fusariosis, mucormycosis, cryptococcosis and trichosporonosis are the most important infections reported in patients with hematologic malignancies that undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These infections are caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens that do not cause severe issues in healthy individuals, but in patients with hematologic malignancies lead to disseminated infection with different clinical manifestations. Prophylaxis and creating a safe environment with proper filters and air pressure for patients to avoid contact with the pathogens in the surrounding environment can prevent IFI. Furthermore, due to the absence of specific symptoms in IFI, rapid and accurate diagnosis reduces the mortality rate of these infections and using molecular techniques along with standard mycological methods will improve the diagnosis of disseminated fungal infection in patients with hematologic disorders. Amphotericin B products, extended-spectrum azoles, and echinocandins are the essential drugs to control invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies, and according to various conditions of patients, different results of treatment with these drugs have been reported in different studies. On the other hand, drug resistance in recent years has led to therapeutic failures and deaths in patients with blood malignancies, which indicates the need for antifungal susceptibility tests to use appropriate therapies. Life-threatening fungal infections have become more prevalent in patients with hematologic malignancies in recent years due to the emergence of new risk factors, new species, and increased drug resistance. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the different dimensions of the most critical invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies and present a list of these infections with different clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes. Dove 2020-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7369308/ /pubmed/32765009 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S254478 Text en © 2020 Shariati et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Review
Shariati, Aref
Moradabadi, Alireza
Chegini, Zahra
Khoshbayan, Amin
Didehdar, Mojtaba
An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies
title An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies
title_full An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies
title_fullStr An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies
title_full_unstemmed An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies
title_short An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies
title_sort overview of the management of the most important invasive fungal infections in patients with blood malignancies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369308/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765009
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S254478
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