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The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation

BACKGROUND: Modern cognitive neuropsychological models of depression posit that negatively biased emotional (“hot”) processing confers risk for depression, while preserved executive function (“cold”) cognition promotes resilience. METHODS: We compared neural responses during hot and cold cognitive t...

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Autores principales: CL, Nord, DC, Halahakoon, N, Lally, T, Limbachya, S, Pilling, JP, Roiser
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369634/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32663968
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.022
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author CL, Nord
DC, Halahakoon
N, Lally
T, Limbachya
S, Pilling
JP, Roiser
author_facet CL, Nord
DC, Halahakoon
N, Lally
T, Limbachya
S, Pilling
JP, Roiser
author_sort CL, Nord
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Modern cognitive neuropsychological models of depression posit that negatively biased emotional (“hot”) processing confers risk for depression, while preserved executive function (“cold”) cognition promotes resilience. METHODS: We compared neural responses during hot and cold cognitive tasks in 99 individuals: those at familial risk for depression (N = 30 unaffected first-degree relatives of depressed individuals) and those currently experiencing a major depressive episode (N = 39 unmedicated depressed patients) with low-risk healthy controls (N = 30). Primary analyses assessed neural activation on two functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks previously associated with depression: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) responsivity during the n-back working memory task; and amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) responsivity during incidental emotional face processing. RESULTS: Depressed patients exhibited significantly attenuated working memory-related DLPFC activation, compared to low-risk controls and unaffected relatives; unaffected relatives did not differ from low-risk controls. We did not observe a complementary pattern during emotion processing. However, we found preliminary support that greater DLPFC activation was associated with lower amygdala response during emotion processing. LIMITATIONS: These findings require confirmation in a longitudinal study to observe each individual's risk of developing depression; without this, we cannot identify the true risk level of the first-degree relative or low-risk control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for understanding the neural mechanisms of risk and resilience in depression: they are consistent with the suggestion that preserved executive function might confer resilience to developing depression in first-degree relatives of depressed patients.
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spelling pubmed-73696342020-09-01 The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation CL, Nord DC, Halahakoon N, Lally T, Limbachya S, Pilling JP, Roiser J Affect Disord Article BACKGROUND: Modern cognitive neuropsychological models of depression posit that negatively biased emotional (“hot”) processing confers risk for depression, while preserved executive function (“cold”) cognition promotes resilience. METHODS: We compared neural responses during hot and cold cognitive tasks in 99 individuals: those at familial risk for depression (N = 30 unaffected first-degree relatives of depressed individuals) and those currently experiencing a major depressive episode (N = 39 unmedicated depressed patients) with low-risk healthy controls (N = 30). Primary analyses assessed neural activation on two functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks previously associated with depression: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) responsivity during the n-back working memory task; and amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) responsivity during incidental emotional face processing. RESULTS: Depressed patients exhibited significantly attenuated working memory-related DLPFC activation, compared to low-risk controls and unaffected relatives; unaffected relatives did not differ from low-risk controls. We did not observe a complementary pattern during emotion processing. However, we found preliminary support that greater DLPFC activation was associated with lower amygdala response during emotion processing. LIMITATIONS: These findings require confirmation in a longitudinal study to observe each individual's risk of developing depression; without this, we cannot identify the true risk level of the first-degree relative or low-risk control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for understanding the neural mechanisms of risk and resilience in depression: they are consistent with the suggestion that preserved executive function might confer resilience to developing depression in first-degree relatives of depressed patients. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2020-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7369634/ /pubmed/32663968 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.022 Text en © 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
CL, Nord
DC, Halahakoon
N, Lally
T, Limbachya
S, Pilling
JP, Roiser
The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation
title The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation
title_full The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation
title_fullStr The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation
title_full_unstemmed The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation
title_short The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation
title_sort neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: an fmri investigation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369634/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32663968
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.022
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