Cargando…
The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation
BACKGROUND: Modern cognitive neuropsychological models of depression posit that negatively biased emotional (“hot”) processing confers risk for depression, while preserved executive function (“cold”) cognition promotes resilience. METHODS: We compared neural responses during hot and cold cognitive t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369634/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32663968 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.022 |
_version_ | 1783560814039400448 |
---|---|
author | CL, Nord DC, Halahakoon N, Lally T, Limbachya S, Pilling JP, Roiser |
author_facet | CL, Nord DC, Halahakoon N, Lally T, Limbachya S, Pilling JP, Roiser |
author_sort | CL, Nord |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Modern cognitive neuropsychological models of depression posit that negatively biased emotional (“hot”) processing confers risk for depression, while preserved executive function (“cold”) cognition promotes resilience. METHODS: We compared neural responses during hot and cold cognitive tasks in 99 individuals: those at familial risk for depression (N = 30 unaffected first-degree relatives of depressed individuals) and those currently experiencing a major depressive episode (N = 39 unmedicated depressed patients) with low-risk healthy controls (N = 30). Primary analyses assessed neural activation on two functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks previously associated with depression: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) responsivity during the n-back working memory task; and amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) responsivity during incidental emotional face processing. RESULTS: Depressed patients exhibited significantly attenuated working memory-related DLPFC activation, compared to low-risk controls and unaffected relatives; unaffected relatives did not differ from low-risk controls. We did not observe a complementary pattern during emotion processing. However, we found preliminary support that greater DLPFC activation was associated with lower amygdala response during emotion processing. LIMITATIONS: These findings require confirmation in a longitudinal study to observe each individual's risk of developing depression; without this, we cannot identify the true risk level of the first-degree relative or low-risk control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for understanding the neural mechanisms of risk and resilience in depression: they are consistent with the suggestion that preserved executive function might confer resilience to developing depression in first-degree relatives of depressed patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7369634 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73696342020-09-01 The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation CL, Nord DC, Halahakoon N, Lally T, Limbachya S, Pilling JP, Roiser J Affect Disord Article BACKGROUND: Modern cognitive neuropsychological models of depression posit that negatively biased emotional (“hot”) processing confers risk for depression, while preserved executive function (“cold”) cognition promotes resilience. METHODS: We compared neural responses during hot and cold cognitive tasks in 99 individuals: those at familial risk for depression (N = 30 unaffected first-degree relatives of depressed individuals) and those currently experiencing a major depressive episode (N = 39 unmedicated depressed patients) with low-risk healthy controls (N = 30). Primary analyses assessed neural activation on two functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks previously associated with depression: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) responsivity during the n-back working memory task; and amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) responsivity during incidental emotional face processing. RESULTS: Depressed patients exhibited significantly attenuated working memory-related DLPFC activation, compared to low-risk controls and unaffected relatives; unaffected relatives did not differ from low-risk controls. We did not observe a complementary pattern during emotion processing. However, we found preliminary support that greater DLPFC activation was associated with lower amygdala response during emotion processing. LIMITATIONS: These findings require confirmation in a longitudinal study to observe each individual's risk of developing depression; without this, we cannot identify the true risk level of the first-degree relative or low-risk control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for understanding the neural mechanisms of risk and resilience in depression: they are consistent with the suggestion that preserved executive function might confer resilience to developing depression in first-degree relatives of depressed patients. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2020-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7369634/ /pubmed/32663968 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.022 Text en © 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article CL, Nord DC, Halahakoon N, Lally T, Limbachya S, Pilling JP, Roiser The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation |
title | The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation |
title_full | The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation |
title_fullStr | The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation |
title_full_unstemmed | The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation |
title_short | The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation |
title_sort | neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: an fmri investigation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369634/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32663968 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.022 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT clnord theneuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT dchalahakoon theneuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT nlally theneuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT tlimbachya theneuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT spilling theneuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT jproiser theneuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT clnord neuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT dchalahakoon neuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT nlally neuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT tlimbachya neuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT spilling neuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation AT jproiser neuralbasisofhotandcoldcognitionindepressedpatientsunaffectedrelativesandlowriskhealthycontrolsanfmriinvestigation |