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Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications

D-enantiomers of amino acids (D-AAs) are only present in low amounts in nature, frequently at trace levels, and for this reason, their biological function was undervalued for a long time. In the past 25 years, the improvements in analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, HPLC, and capillary el...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rosini, Elena, D’Antona, Paola, Pollegioni, Loredano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32605078
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134574
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author Rosini, Elena
D’Antona, Paola
Pollegioni, Loredano
author_facet Rosini, Elena
D’Antona, Paola
Pollegioni, Loredano
author_sort Rosini, Elena
collection PubMed
description D-enantiomers of amino acids (D-AAs) are only present in low amounts in nature, frequently at trace levels, and for this reason, their biological function was undervalued for a long time. In the past 25 years, the improvements in analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis, allowed to detect D-AAs in foodstuffs and biological samples and to attribute them specific biological functions in mammals. These methods are time-consuming, expensive, and not suitable for online application; however, life science investigations and industrial applications require rapid and selective determination of D-AAs, as only biosensors can offer. In the present review, we provide a status update concerning biosensors for detecting and quantifying D-AAs and their applications for safety and quality of foods, human health, and neurological research. The review reports the main challenges in the field, such as selectivity, in order to distinguish the different D-AAs present in a solution, the simultaneous assay of both L- and D-AAs, the production of implantable devices, and surface-scanning biosensors. These innovative tools will push future research aimed at investigating the neurological role of D-AAs, a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace.
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spelling pubmed-73697562020-07-21 Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications Rosini, Elena D’Antona, Paola Pollegioni, Loredano Int J Mol Sci Review D-enantiomers of amino acids (D-AAs) are only present in low amounts in nature, frequently at trace levels, and for this reason, their biological function was undervalued for a long time. In the past 25 years, the improvements in analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis, allowed to detect D-AAs in foodstuffs and biological samples and to attribute them specific biological functions in mammals. These methods are time-consuming, expensive, and not suitable for online application; however, life science investigations and industrial applications require rapid and selective determination of D-AAs, as only biosensors can offer. In the present review, we provide a status update concerning biosensors for detecting and quantifying D-AAs and their applications for safety and quality of foods, human health, and neurological research. The review reports the main challenges in the field, such as selectivity, in order to distinguish the different D-AAs present in a solution, the simultaneous assay of both L- and D-AAs, the production of implantable devices, and surface-scanning biosensors. These innovative tools will push future research aimed at investigating the neurological role of D-AAs, a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace. MDPI 2020-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7369756/ /pubmed/32605078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134574 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rosini, Elena
D’Antona, Paola
Pollegioni, Loredano
Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications
title Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications
title_full Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications
title_fullStr Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications
title_full_unstemmed Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications
title_short Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications
title_sort biosensors for d-amino acids: detection methods and applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32605078
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134574
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