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Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species
The three common intestinal Cryptosporidium species in cattle differ significantly in host range, pathogenicity and public health significance. While Cryptosporidium parvum is pathogenic in pre-weaned calves and has a broad host range, C. bovis and C. ryanae are largely non-pathogenic and bovine-spe...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Microbiology Society
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416746 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000379 |
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author | Xu, Zhixiao Li, Na Guo, Yaqiong Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua |
author_facet | Xu, Zhixiao Li, Na Guo, Yaqiong Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua |
author_sort | Xu, Zhixiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | The three common intestinal Cryptosporidium species in cattle differ significantly in host range, pathogenicity and public health significance. While Cryptosporidium parvum is pathogenic in pre-weaned calves and has a broad host range, C. bovis and C. ryanae are largely non-pathogenic and bovine-specific species in post-weaned calves. Thus far, only the genome of C. parvum has been sequenced. To improve our understanding of the genetic determinants of biological differences among Cryptosporidium spcies, we sequenced the genomes of C. bovis and C. ryanae and conducted a comparative genomics analysis. The genome of C. bovis has a gene content and organization more similar to C. ryanae than to other Cryptosporidium species sequenced to date; the level of similarity in amino acid and nucleotide sequences between the two species is 75.2 and 69.4 %, respectively. A total of 3723 and 3711 putative protein-encoding genes were identified in the genomes of C. bovis and C. ryanae, respectively, which are fewer than the 3981 in C. parvum. Metabolism is similar among the three species, although energy production pathways are further reduced in C. bovis and C. ryanae. Compared with C. parvum, C. bovis and C. ryanae have lost 14 genes encoding mucin-type glycoproteins and three for insulinase-like proteases. Other gene gains and losses in the two bovine-specific and non-pathogenic species also involve the secretory pathogenesis determinants (SPDs); they have lost all genes encoding MEDLE, FLGN and SKSR proteins, and two of the three genes for NFDQ proteins, but have more genes encoding secreted WYLE proteins, secreted leucine-rich proteins and GPI-anchored adhesin PGA18. The only major difference between C. bovis and C. ryanae is in nucleotide metabolism. In addition, half of the highly divergent genes between C. bovis and C. ryanae encode secreted or membrane-bound proteins. Therefore, C. bovis and C. ryanae have gene organization and metabolic pathways similar to C. parvum, but have lost some invasion-associated mucin glycoproteins, insulinase-like proteases, MEDLE secretory proteins and other SPDs. The multiple gene families under positive selection, such as helicase-associated domains, AMP-binding domains, protein kinases, mucins, insulinases and TRAPs could contribute to differences in host specificity and pathogenicity between C. parvum and C. bovis. Biological studies should be conducted to assess the contribution of these copy number variations to the narrow host range and reduced pathogenicity of C. bovis and C. ryanae. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7371110 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Microbiology Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73711102020-07-21 Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species Xu, Zhixiao Li, Na Guo, Yaqiong Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua Microb Genom Research Article The three common intestinal Cryptosporidium species in cattle differ significantly in host range, pathogenicity and public health significance. While Cryptosporidium parvum is pathogenic in pre-weaned calves and has a broad host range, C. bovis and C. ryanae are largely non-pathogenic and bovine-specific species in post-weaned calves. Thus far, only the genome of C. parvum has been sequenced. To improve our understanding of the genetic determinants of biological differences among Cryptosporidium spcies, we sequenced the genomes of C. bovis and C. ryanae and conducted a comparative genomics analysis. The genome of C. bovis has a gene content and organization more similar to C. ryanae than to other Cryptosporidium species sequenced to date; the level of similarity in amino acid and nucleotide sequences between the two species is 75.2 and 69.4 %, respectively. A total of 3723 and 3711 putative protein-encoding genes were identified in the genomes of C. bovis and C. ryanae, respectively, which are fewer than the 3981 in C. parvum. Metabolism is similar among the three species, although energy production pathways are further reduced in C. bovis and C. ryanae. Compared with C. parvum, C. bovis and C. ryanae have lost 14 genes encoding mucin-type glycoproteins and three for insulinase-like proteases. Other gene gains and losses in the two bovine-specific and non-pathogenic species also involve the secretory pathogenesis determinants (SPDs); they have lost all genes encoding MEDLE, FLGN and SKSR proteins, and two of the three genes for NFDQ proteins, but have more genes encoding secreted WYLE proteins, secreted leucine-rich proteins and GPI-anchored adhesin PGA18. The only major difference between C. bovis and C. ryanae is in nucleotide metabolism. In addition, half of the highly divergent genes between C. bovis and C. ryanae encode secreted or membrane-bound proteins. Therefore, C. bovis and C. ryanae have gene organization and metabolic pathways similar to C. parvum, but have lost some invasion-associated mucin glycoproteins, insulinase-like proteases, MEDLE secretory proteins and other SPDs. The multiple gene families under positive selection, such as helicase-associated domains, AMP-binding domains, protein kinases, mucins, insulinases and TRAPs could contribute to differences in host specificity and pathogenicity between C. parvum and C. bovis. Biological studies should be conducted to assess the contribution of these copy number variations to the narrow host range and reduced pathogenicity of C. bovis and C. ryanae. Microbiology Society 2020-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7371110/ /pubmed/32416746 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000379 Text en © 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Xu, Zhixiao Li, Na Guo, Yaqiong Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species |
title | Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species |
title_full | Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species |
title_fullStr | Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species |
title_short | Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species |
title_sort | comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic cryptosporidium species |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416746 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000379 |
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