Analysis of quantitative trait loci for fertility restoration in seven F(2) populations derived from sorghum F(1) hybrids bred in Japan

To clarify the genetic mechanisms of fertility restoration in sorghum F(1) hybrids produced in Japan (‘Ryokuryu’, ‘Hazuki’, ‘Haretaka’, ‘Natsuibuki’, ‘Hanaaoba’, ‘Akidachi’ and ‘Kazetachi’), we analyzed QTLs for fertility restoration using seven F(2) populations derived from those hybrids. By QTL mapping with a series of SSR markers, we detected three major QTLs for fertility restoration. These data and the results of haplotype analysis of known fertility restorer (Rf) genes showed that qRf5, corresponding to the Rf5 locus, was the most widely used Rf gene for fertility restoration of sorghum F(1) hybrids among the lines tested. Other major Rf genes detected were qRf8, corresponding to Rf1, and qRf2, corresponding to Rf2. QTLs for grain weight also corresponded to these Rf loci. A minor QTL, qRf3, may also affect restoration of fertility. Our data show that three major Rfs—Rf1, Rf2, and Rf5—were used in F(1) hybrid sorghum production in Japan. This knowledge can be used to improve the efficiency of the F(1) sorghum breeding program.