CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms in Han and Uygur populations with coronary artery disease in Northwestern Xinjiang, China, From 2014 Through 2019

The morbidity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Uygur population of Xinjiang was much higher than the national average. Clopidogrel is the most commonly used medication worldwide in dual antiplatelet therapy for CAD, and the response of clopidogrel is affected by CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms. The distribution of CYP2C19∗17, ABCB1, and PON1 genetic polymorphisms in Han and Uygur populations with CAD of Xinjiang has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the frequencies of CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms, and to identify the metabolizer phenotype of CYP2C19 in Han and Uygur populations with CAD in Northwestern Xinjiang, China. We identified 602 Han and 527 Uygur patients from 2014 through 2019 and studied genotypes for selected allele polymorphisms using sequencing by hybridization. There were significantly different allele frequencies and genotype frequencies between the 2 ethnic groups in terms of CYP2C19∗2, ∗3, ∗17, ABCB1 and PON1, (P < .05). For CYP2C19∗17, the frequency of TT genotype was 2.5% in Uygur patients, but it was undetectable in Han patients. In both the intermediate and poor metabolizer groups, the genotypes polymorphisms CYP2C19∗2, ∗3, ∗17 were significantly less common in Uygur patients than in Han patients (P < .001). By contrast, the proportion of ultra-metabolizers as defined by CYP2C19∗2, ∗3, ∗17 polymorphisms significantly higher in Uygur patients (18.6%) than in Han patients (1.7%, P < .001). The CYP2C19∗2 frequency was significantly different between Han patients and Han healthy groups (P < .001), while the CYP2C19∗3 frequency was significantly different between Uygur patients and Uygur healthy groups (P < .001). Our study supports the notion of interethnic differences in terms of CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 polymorphisms and CYP2C19 genotype-defined clopidogrel metabolic groups. These finding could provide valuable data and insights into personalized CAD treatment for the Uygur and Han populations in Xinjiang.