Three-Dimensional Device-Free Localization for Vehicle

Device-free localization (DFL) is a promising technique which could provide localization information for a target without requiring an electronic device. With the development of the smart city and smart transportation, DFL could form part of a basic technique that could be used to track and localize roadside vehicles. In this paper, some algorithms for three-dimensional (3D) DFL for vehicle surveillance are developed, including statistical methods for data, a method for communication link selection, a novel method of communication link weight allocation and some other minor approaches to obtain the location and approximate size of a static vehicle, as a basic technique of moving vehicle detection. Then, an experimental system is designed. Through security monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSN), real-time vehicle characteristics (i.e., location and size) are calculated automatically and intuitively displayed through a heat map. Experiments are performed to validate the effect of the proposal and the accuracy of the localization and size estimation.