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Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant
Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its meta...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374504/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32630056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133675 |
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author | Tajik, Somayeh Beitollahi, Hadi Dourandish, Zahra Zhang, Kaiqiang Le, Quyet Van Nguyen, Thang Phan Kim, Soo Young Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza |
author_facet | Tajik, Somayeh Beitollahi, Hadi Dourandish, Zahra Zhang, Kaiqiang Le, Quyet Van Nguyen, Thang Phan Kim, Soo Young Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza |
author_sort | Tajik, Somayeh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its metabolites are contaminants in water. They have exerted an adverse influence on living organisms through their migration and transformation in various forms of adsorption, photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation followed by the formation of various active compounds in the environment. Hence, it is crucial to determine VEN with low concentrations in high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Some analytical techniques have been practically designed to quantify VEN. However, electroanalytical procedures have been of interest due to the superior advantages in comparison to conventional techniques, because such methods feature rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Therefore, this mini-review aims to present the electrochemical determination of VEN with diverse electrodes, such as carbon paste electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, mercury-based electrodes, screen-printed electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes, and ion-selective electrodes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7374504 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73745042020-08-05 Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant Tajik, Somayeh Beitollahi, Hadi Dourandish, Zahra Zhang, Kaiqiang Le, Quyet Van Nguyen, Thang Phan Kim, Soo Young Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza Sensors (Basel) Review Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its metabolites are contaminants in water. They have exerted an adverse influence on living organisms through their migration and transformation in various forms of adsorption, photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation followed by the formation of various active compounds in the environment. Hence, it is crucial to determine VEN with low concentrations in high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Some analytical techniques have been practically designed to quantify VEN. However, electroanalytical procedures have been of interest due to the superior advantages in comparison to conventional techniques, because such methods feature rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Therefore, this mini-review aims to present the electrochemical determination of VEN with diverse electrodes, such as carbon paste electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, mercury-based electrodes, screen-printed electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes, and ion-selective electrodes. MDPI 2020-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7374504/ /pubmed/32630056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133675 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Tajik, Somayeh Beitollahi, Hadi Dourandish, Zahra Zhang, Kaiqiang Le, Quyet Van Nguyen, Thang Phan Kim, Soo Young Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant |
title | Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant |
title_full | Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant |
title_fullStr | Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant |
title_short | Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant |
title_sort | recent advances in the electrochemical sensing of venlafaxine: an antidepressant drug and environmental contaminant |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374504/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32630056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133675 |
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