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Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant

Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its meta...

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Autores principales: Tajik, Somayeh, Beitollahi, Hadi, Dourandish, Zahra, Zhang, Kaiqiang, Le, Quyet Van, Nguyen, Thang Phan, Kim, Soo Young, Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374504/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32630056
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133675
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author Tajik, Somayeh
Beitollahi, Hadi
Dourandish, Zahra
Zhang, Kaiqiang
Le, Quyet Van
Nguyen, Thang Phan
Kim, Soo Young
Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza
author_facet Tajik, Somayeh
Beitollahi, Hadi
Dourandish, Zahra
Zhang, Kaiqiang
Le, Quyet Van
Nguyen, Thang Phan
Kim, Soo Young
Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza
author_sort Tajik, Somayeh
collection PubMed
description Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its metabolites are contaminants in water. They have exerted an adverse influence on living organisms through their migration and transformation in various forms of adsorption, photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation followed by the formation of various active compounds in the environment. Hence, it is crucial to determine VEN with low concentrations in high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Some analytical techniques have been practically designed to quantify VEN. However, electroanalytical procedures have been of interest due to the superior advantages in comparison to conventional techniques, because such methods feature rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Therefore, this mini-review aims to present the electrochemical determination of VEN with diverse electrodes, such as carbon paste electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, mercury-based electrodes, screen-printed electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes, and ion-selective electrodes.
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spelling pubmed-73745042020-08-05 Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant Tajik, Somayeh Beitollahi, Hadi Dourandish, Zahra Zhang, Kaiqiang Le, Quyet Van Nguyen, Thang Phan Kim, Soo Young Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza Sensors (Basel) Review Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its metabolites are contaminants in water. They have exerted an adverse influence on living organisms through their migration and transformation in various forms of adsorption, photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation followed by the formation of various active compounds in the environment. Hence, it is crucial to determine VEN with low concentrations in high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Some analytical techniques have been practically designed to quantify VEN. However, electroanalytical procedures have been of interest due to the superior advantages in comparison to conventional techniques, because such methods feature rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Therefore, this mini-review aims to present the electrochemical determination of VEN with diverse electrodes, such as carbon paste electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, mercury-based electrodes, screen-printed electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes, and ion-selective electrodes. MDPI 2020-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7374504/ /pubmed/32630056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133675 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tajik, Somayeh
Beitollahi, Hadi
Dourandish, Zahra
Zhang, Kaiqiang
Le, Quyet Van
Nguyen, Thang Phan
Kim, Soo Young
Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza
Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant
title Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant
title_full Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant
title_fullStr Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant
title_short Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant
title_sort recent advances in the electrochemical sensing of venlafaxine: an antidepressant drug and environmental contaminant
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374504/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32630056
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133675
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