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Region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum
Brain injury causes astrocytes to become reactive (astrogliosis). In this study, we compared astrogliosis in acutely injured cortex and striatum of adult FVB/N mice induced by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a component of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Interestingly, MR analysis showed...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374828/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-020-00642-0 |
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author | Yang, Haijie An, Jiawei Choi, Insup Lee, Kihwang Park, Sang-Myun Jou, Ilo Joe, Eun-Hye |
author_facet | Yang, Haijie An, Jiawei Choi, Insup Lee, Kihwang Park, Sang-Myun Jou, Ilo Joe, Eun-Hye |
author_sort | Yang, Haijie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Brain injury causes astrocytes to become reactive (astrogliosis). In this study, we compared astrogliosis in acutely injured cortex and striatum of adult FVB/N mice induced by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a component of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Interestingly, MR analysis showed that same amount of ATP induced smaller damage in the cortex than in the striatum. However, in histological analysis, thick and dense scar-like astrogliosis was found in the injured cortex near meninges within 2 wk., but not in other regions, including the striatum and even the cortex near the corpus callosum for up to 30 d. There was little regional difference in the number of Ki67(+)-proliferating astrocytes or mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. The most prominent difference between regions with and without scar-like astrogliosis was blood vessel formation. Blood vessels highly expressing collagen 1A1 formed densely near meninges, and astrocytes converged on them. In other regions, however, both blood vessels and astrocytes were relatively evenly distributed. Consistent with this, inhibition of blood vessel formation with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-blocking antibody, Avastin, attenuated scar-like astrogliosis near meninges. These results indicate that region-specific astrogliosis occurs following brain injury, and that blood vessel formation plays a critical role in scar formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7374828 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73748282020-07-22 Region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum Yang, Haijie An, Jiawei Choi, Insup Lee, Kihwang Park, Sang-Myun Jou, Ilo Joe, Eun-Hye Mol Brain Research Brain injury causes astrocytes to become reactive (astrogliosis). In this study, we compared astrogliosis in acutely injured cortex and striatum of adult FVB/N mice induced by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a component of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Interestingly, MR analysis showed that same amount of ATP induced smaller damage in the cortex than in the striatum. However, in histological analysis, thick and dense scar-like astrogliosis was found in the injured cortex near meninges within 2 wk., but not in other regions, including the striatum and even the cortex near the corpus callosum for up to 30 d. There was little regional difference in the number of Ki67(+)-proliferating astrocytes or mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. The most prominent difference between regions with and without scar-like astrogliosis was blood vessel formation. Blood vessels highly expressing collagen 1A1 formed densely near meninges, and astrocytes converged on them. In other regions, however, both blood vessels and astrocytes were relatively evenly distributed. Consistent with this, inhibition of blood vessel formation with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-blocking antibody, Avastin, attenuated scar-like astrogliosis near meninges. These results indicate that region-specific astrogliosis occurs following brain injury, and that blood vessel formation plays a critical role in scar formation. BioMed Central 2020-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7374828/ /pubmed/32698847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-020-00642-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Yang, Haijie An, Jiawei Choi, Insup Lee, Kihwang Park, Sang-Myun Jou, Ilo Joe, Eun-Hye Region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum |
title | Region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum |
title_full | Region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum |
title_fullStr | Region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum |
title_full_unstemmed | Region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum |
title_short | Region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum |
title_sort | region-specific astrogliosis: differential vessel formation contributes to different patterns of astrogliosis in the cortex and striatum |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374828/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-020-00642-0 |
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