Long-term monitoring of the biomass and production of lipids by Nitzschia palea for biodiesel production

Pennate diatom Nitzschia palea can be cultured in outdoor vertical-bed photobioreactors to produce biodiesel. To assess the production of biomass and lipids, non-axenic cultures of Nitzschia palea were grown outdoors, and the growth of these cultures was measured biweekly. During the annual cycle of algal culture, the culture temperature ranged from 17.3 °C to 33.5 °C, the dry weight biomass ranged from 0.11 g l(−1) to 0.25 g l(−1), light energy] ranged from 1.94 Wm(−2) to 3.9 Wm(−2) and intracellular lipid content ranged from 7.1% to 11.4% of biomass weight after drying at 60 °C. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis of n-hexane extracts showed that the intracellular lipids were primarily C14:0 myristic acid (9.01%), C15:0 pentadecyclic acid (8.26%) and two types of C16:0, palmitic acid (41.13%) and palmitoleic acid (29.25%). Gel permeation analysis showed that carboxylic acids comprised 28.9% of lipids, 16.3% of monoglycerides, 27.3% of diglycerides and 24.3% of triglycerides. Alcoholysis of lipids resulted in the conversion of about 93.9% of fatty acids to equivalent fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or biodiesel, which, on basis of wt%, consisted primarily of C15:0 methyl myristate (8.3%), C16:0 methyl pentadecanoate] (7.2%), C17:1methyl palmitoleate (28.7%) and methyl palimtate](39.8%).