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Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND: Patients seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing, and clinicians often have to place brackets on various surfaces aside from enamel. It is crucial to know what materials or instruments are required to bond brackets to each surface. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to serve as a clinical g...

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Autores principales: Alzainal, Ali H., Majud, Ahmed Shehab, Al-Ani, Abdulfatah M., Mageet, Adil O.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7376407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32733564
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874909
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author Alzainal, Ali H.
Majud, Ahmed Shehab
Al-Ani, Abdulfatah M.
Mageet, Adil O.
author_facet Alzainal, Ali H.
Majud, Ahmed Shehab
Al-Ani, Abdulfatah M.
Mageet, Adil O.
author_sort Alzainal, Ali H.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Patients seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing, and clinicians often have to place brackets on various surfaces aside from enamel. It is crucial to know what materials or instruments are required to bond brackets to each surface. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to serve as a clinical guideline for the safest and most effective approaches taken to condition various surfaces for bonding to orthodontic brackets and provide background knowledge on the subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched, along with the use of Google Scholar search engine, to obtain relevant articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals, from 1955 to 2020. Keywords used were Shear bond strength; Orthodontic bracket; Base design; Etching; Sandblasting; Laser; Conditioning; Enamel; Ceramic; Porcelain; Gold; Amalgam; Composite. CONCLUSION: Even though orthophosphoric acid is the most widely used enamel conditioning agent, laser etching should be considered to avoid enamel decalcification. Hydrofluoric acid is the current standard for ceramic conditioning; however, its use intraorally should be minimized due to its toxicity. Orthophosphoric acid, CoJet-Sand air abrasion, and laser etching are viable alternatives for conditioning ceramic. Monobond Etch & Prime is toxic and should not be used intraorally. Composite can be conditioned by bur roughening, and the use of ceramic brackets is recommended. Amalgam and gold surfaces can be conditioned adequately by air abrasion. Despite the claims of many authors, the maximum shear forces that orthodontic brackets are subjected to are not 6–8 mega pascal (MPa). Further investigation is required in that regard. More in vivo studies need to be performed to confirm the in vitro results.
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spelling pubmed-73764072020-07-29 Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature Alzainal, Ali H. Majud, Ahmed Shehab Al-Ani, Abdulfatah M. Mageet, Adil O. Int J Dent Review Article BACKGROUND: Patients seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing, and clinicians often have to place brackets on various surfaces aside from enamel. It is crucial to know what materials or instruments are required to bond brackets to each surface. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to serve as a clinical guideline for the safest and most effective approaches taken to condition various surfaces for bonding to orthodontic brackets and provide background knowledge on the subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched, along with the use of Google Scholar search engine, to obtain relevant articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals, from 1955 to 2020. Keywords used were Shear bond strength; Orthodontic bracket; Base design; Etching; Sandblasting; Laser; Conditioning; Enamel; Ceramic; Porcelain; Gold; Amalgam; Composite. CONCLUSION: Even though orthophosphoric acid is the most widely used enamel conditioning agent, laser etching should be considered to avoid enamel decalcification. Hydrofluoric acid is the current standard for ceramic conditioning; however, its use intraorally should be minimized due to its toxicity. Orthophosphoric acid, CoJet-Sand air abrasion, and laser etching are viable alternatives for conditioning ceramic. Monobond Etch & Prime is toxic and should not be used intraorally. Composite can be conditioned by bur roughening, and the use of ceramic brackets is recommended. Amalgam and gold surfaces can be conditioned adequately by air abrasion. Despite the claims of many authors, the maximum shear forces that orthodontic brackets are subjected to are not 6–8 mega pascal (MPa). Further investigation is required in that regard. More in vivo studies need to be performed to confirm the in vitro results. Hindawi 2020-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7376407/ /pubmed/32733564 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874909 Text en Copyright © 2020 Ali H. Alzainal et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Alzainal, Ali H.
Majud, Ahmed Shehab
Al-Ani, Abdulfatah M.
Mageet, Adil O.
Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature
title Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature
title_full Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature
title_short Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature
title_sort orthodontic bonding: review of the literature
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7376407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32733564
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874909
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