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Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames
The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought great threat to human health. Its causative agent is a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus which has been officially named SARS-CoV-2. Here we report the discovery of extremely low CG abundance in its open reading frames. We found that CG reduct...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378049/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69342-y |
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author | Wang, Yong Mao, Jun-Ming Wang, Guang-Dong Luo, Zhi-Peng Yang, Liu Yao, Qin Chen, Ke-Ping |
author_facet | Wang, Yong Mao, Jun-Ming Wang, Guang-Dong Luo, Zhi-Peng Yang, Liu Yao, Qin Chen, Ke-Ping |
author_sort | Wang, Yong |
collection | PubMed |
description | The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought great threat to human health. Its causative agent is a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus which has been officially named SARS-CoV-2. Here we report the discovery of extremely low CG abundance in its open reading frames. We found that CG reduction in SARS-CoV-2 is achieved mainly through mutating C/G into A/T, and CG is the best target for mutation. Meanwhile, 5′-untranslated region of SARS-CoV-2 has high CG content and is capable of forming an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to recruit host ribosome for translating its RNA. These features allow SARS-CoV-2 to reproduce efficiently in host cells, because less energy is consumed in disrupting the stem-loops formed by its genomic RNA. Notably, genomes of cellular organisms also have very low CG abundance, suggesting that mutating C/G into A/T occurs universally in all life forms. Moreover, CG is the dinucleotide related to CpG island, mutational hotspot and single nucleotide polymorphism in cellular organisms. The relationship between these features is worthy of further investigations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7378049 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73780492020-07-24 Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames Wang, Yong Mao, Jun-Ming Wang, Guang-Dong Luo, Zhi-Peng Yang, Liu Yao, Qin Chen, Ke-Ping Sci Rep Article The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought great threat to human health. Its causative agent is a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus which has been officially named SARS-CoV-2. Here we report the discovery of extremely low CG abundance in its open reading frames. We found that CG reduction in SARS-CoV-2 is achieved mainly through mutating C/G into A/T, and CG is the best target for mutation. Meanwhile, 5′-untranslated region of SARS-CoV-2 has high CG content and is capable of forming an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to recruit host ribosome for translating its RNA. These features allow SARS-CoV-2 to reproduce efficiently in host cells, because less energy is consumed in disrupting the stem-loops formed by its genomic RNA. Notably, genomes of cellular organisms also have very low CG abundance, suggesting that mutating C/G into A/T occurs universally in all life forms. Moreover, CG is the dinucleotide related to CpG island, mutational hotspot and single nucleotide polymorphism in cellular organisms. The relationship between these features is worthy of further investigations. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7378049/ /pubmed/32704018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69342-y Text en © The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Wang, Yong Mao, Jun-Ming Wang, Guang-Dong Luo, Zhi-Peng Yang, Liu Yao, Qin Chen, Ke-Ping Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames |
title | Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames |
title_full | Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames |
title_fullStr | Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames |
title_full_unstemmed | Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames |
title_short | Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames |
title_sort | human sars-cov-2 has evolved to reduce cg dinucleotide in its open reading frames |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378049/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69342-y |
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