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Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Uric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity is a metabolic biomarker associated with obesity, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction and...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31916414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13207 |
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author | Furuhashi, Masato Koyama, Masayuki Higashiura, Yukimura Murase, Takayo Nakamura, Takashi Matsumoto, Megumi Sakai, Akiko Ohnishi, Hirofumi Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Moniwa, Norihito Shimamoto, Kazuaki Miura, Tetsuji |
author_facet | Furuhashi, Masato Koyama, Masayuki Higashiura, Yukimura Murase, Takayo Nakamura, Takashi Matsumoto, Megumi Sakai, Akiko Ohnishi, Hirofumi Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Moniwa, Norihito Shimamoto, Kazuaki Miura, Tetsuji |
author_sort | Furuhashi, Masato |
collection | PubMed |
description | AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Uric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity is a metabolic biomarker associated with obesity, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, it has recently been reported that XOR activity in fat tissue is low in humans, unlike in rodents, and that hypoxanthine is secreted from human fat tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The associations of obesity with hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were investigated in 484 participants (men/women: 224/260) of the Tanno‐Sobetsu Study. RESULTS: Levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were significantly higher in men than in women. In 59 participants with hyperuricemia, 11 (men/women: 11/0) participants were being treated with an XOR inhibitor and had a significantly higher level of xanthine, but not hypoxanthine, than that in participants without treatment. In all of the participants, hypoxanthine concentration in smokers was significantly higher than that in non‐smokers. Stepwise and multivariate regression analyses showed that body mass index, smoking habit and xanthine were independent predictors of hypoxanthine after adjustment of age, sex and use of antihyperuricemic drugs. Whereas, alanine transaminase, hypoxanthine and plasma XOR activity were independent predictors for xanthine, and alanine transaminase, triglycerides and xanthine were independent predictors for plasma XOR activity. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of hypoxanthine, but not that of xanthine, is independently associated with obesity and smoking habit, indicating differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine in a general population. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7378426 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73784262020-07-27 Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population Furuhashi, Masato Koyama, Masayuki Higashiura, Yukimura Murase, Takayo Nakamura, Takashi Matsumoto, Megumi Sakai, Akiko Ohnishi, Hirofumi Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Moniwa, Norihito Shimamoto, Kazuaki Miura, Tetsuji J Diabetes Investig Articles AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Uric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity is a metabolic biomarker associated with obesity, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, it has recently been reported that XOR activity in fat tissue is low in humans, unlike in rodents, and that hypoxanthine is secreted from human fat tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The associations of obesity with hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were investigated in 484 participants (men/women: 224/260) of the Tanno‐Sobetsu Study. RESULTS: Levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were significantly higher in men than in women. In 59 participants with hyperuricemia, 11 (men/women: 11/0) participants were being treated with an XOR inhibitor and had a significantly higher level of xanthine, but not hypoxanthine, than that in participants without treatment. In all of the participants, hypoxanthine concentration in smokers was significantly higher than that in non‐smokers. Stepwise and multivariate regression analyses showed that body mass index, smoking habit and xanthine were independent predictors of hypoxanthine after adjustment of age, sex and use of antihyperuricemic drugs. Whereas, alanine transaminase, hypoxanthine and plasma XOR activity were independent predictors for xanthine, and alanine transaminase, triglycerides and xanthine were independent predictors for plasma XOR activity. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of hypoxanthine, but not that of xanthine, is independently associated with obesity and smoking habit, indicating differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine in a general population. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-02-09 2020-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7378426/ /pubmed/31916414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13207 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Articles Furuhashi, Masato Koyama, Masayuki Higashiura, Yukimura Murase, Takayo Nakamura, Takashi Matsumoto, Megumi Sakai, Akiko Ohnishi, Hirofumi Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Moniwa, Norihito Shimamoto, Kazuaki Miura, Tetsuji Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population |
title | Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population |
title_full | Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population |
title_fullStr | Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population |
title_full_unstemmed | Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population |
title_short | Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population |
title_sort | differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31916414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13207 |
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