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Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Uric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity is a metabolic biomarker associated with obesity, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction and...

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Autores principales: Furuhashi, Masato, Koyama, Masayuki, Higashiura, Yukimura, Murase, Takayo, Nakamura, Takashi, Matsumoto, Megumi, Sakai, Akiko, Ohnishi, Hirofumi, Tanaka, Marenao, Saitoh, Shigeyuki, Moniwa, Norihito, Shimamoto, Kazuaki, Miura, Tetsuji
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31916414
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13207
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author Furuhashi, Masato
Koyama, Masayuki
Higashiura, Yukimura
Murase, Takayo
Nakamura, Takashi
Matsumoto, Megumi
Sakai, Akiko
Ohnishi, Hirofumi
Tanaka, Marenao
Saitoh, Shigeyuki
Moniwa, Norihito
Shimamoto, Kazuaki
Miura, Tetsuji
author_facet Furuhashi, Masato
Koyama, Masayuki
Higashiura, Yukimura
Murase, Takayo
Nakamura, Takashi
Matsumoto, Megumi
Sakai, Akiko
Ohnishi, Hirofumi
Tanaka, Marenao
Saitoh, Shigeyuki
Moniwa, Norihito
Shimamoto, Kazuaki
Miura, Tetsuji
author_sort Furuhashi, Masato
collection PubMed
description AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Uric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity is a metabolic biomarker associated with obesity, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, it has recently been reported that XOR activity in fat tissue is low in humans, unlike in rodents, and that hypoxanthine is secreted from human fat tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The associations of obesity with hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were investigated in 484 participants (men/women: 224/260) of the Tanno‐Sobetsu Study. RESULTS: Levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were significantly higher in men than in women. In 59 participants with hyperuricemia, 11 (men/women: 11/0) participants were being treated with an XOR inhibitor and had a significantly higher level of xanthine, but not hypoxanthine, than that in participants without treatment. In all of the participants, hypoxanthine concentration in smokers was significantly higher than that in non‐smokers. Stepwise and multivariate regression analyses showed that body mass index, smoking habit and xanthine were independent predictors of hypoxanthine after adjustment of age, sex and use of antihyperuricemic drugs. Whereas, alanine transaminase, hypoxanthine and plasma XOR activity were independent predictors for xanthine, and alanine transaminase, triglycerides and xanthine were independent predictors for plasma XOR activity. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of hypoxanthine, but not that of xanthine, is independently associated with obesity and smoking habit, indicating differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine in a general population.
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spelling pubmed-73784262020-07-27 Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population Furuhashi, Masato Koyama, Masayuki Higashiura, Yukimura Murase, Takayo Nakamura, Takashi Matsumoto, Megumi Sakai, Akiko Ohnishi, Hirofumi Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Moniwa, Norihito Shimamoto, Kazuaki Miura, Tetsuji J Diabetes Investig Articles AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Uric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity is a metabolic biomarker associated with obesity, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, it has recently been reported that XOR activity in fat tissue is low in humans, unlike in rodents, and that hypoxanthine is secreted from human fat tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The associations of obesity with hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were investigated in 484 participants (men/women: 224/260) of the Tanno‐Sobetsu Study. RESULTS: Levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were significantly higher in men than in women. In 59 participants with hyperuricemia, 11 (men/women: 11/0) participants were being treated with an XOR inhibitor and had a significantly higher level of xanthine, but not hypoxanthine, than that in participants without treatment. In all of the participants, hypoxanthine concentration in smokers was significantly higher than that in non‐smokers. Stepwise and multivariate regression analyses showed that body mass index, smoking habit and xanthine were independent predictors of hypoxanthine after adjustment of age, sex and use of antihyperuricemic drugs. Whereas, alanine transaminase, hypoxanthine and plasma XOR activity were independent predictors for xanthine, and alanine transaminase, triglycerides and xanthine were independent predictors for plasma XOR activity. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of hypoxanthine, but not that of xanthine, is independently associated with obesity and smoking habit, indicating differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine in a general population. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-02-09 2020-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7378426/ /pubmed/31916414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13207 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Articles
Furuhashi, Masato
Koyama, Masayuki
Higashiura, Yukimura
Murase, Takayo
Nakamura, Takashi
Matsumoto, Megumi
Sakai, Akiko
Ohnishi, Hirofumi
Tanaka, Marenao
Saitoh, Shigeyuki
Moniwa, Norihito
Shimamoto, Kazuaki
Miura, Tetsuji
Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
title Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
title_full Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
title_fullStr Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
title_full_unstemmed Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
title_short Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
title_sort differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31916414
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13207
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