Elevated serum glycated albumin and glycated albumin : hemoglobin A(1c) ratio were associated with hippocampal atrophy in a general elderly population of Japanese: The Hisayama Study

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To investigate the association of alternative glycemic measures – namely, serum glycated albumin (GA), hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) and the GA : HbA(1c) ratio – with global brain and hippocampal atrophy in a general elderly Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,278 Japanese individuals aged ≥65 years in a community participated in brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning and screening examination of health status in 2012. We measured total brain volume (TBV), hippocampal volume (HV) and intracranial volume (ICV) using the data from the magnetic resonance imaging examination. The association of each glycemic measure with the ratios of TBV : ICV (an indicator of global brain atrophy) and HV : ICV (an indicator of hippocampal atrophy) was examined by analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The mean values of the TBV : ICV and HV : ICV ratios decreased significantly with elevating serum GA levels and GA : HbA(1c) ratio levels (all P for trend < 0.05), but not with higher HbA(1c) levels, after adjusting for age, sex, low education, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, serum total cholesterol, electrocardiogram abnormalities, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol drinking habits and regular exercise. These significant associations were still observed in the sensitivity analysis after excluding individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. In addition, increased serum GA levels and the GA : HbA(1c) ratio levels, but not HbA(1c), were closely associated with lower mean values of the TBV : ICV and HV : ICV ratios, irrespective of the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that higher serum GA and higher GA : HbA(1c) ratio are significantly associated with global brain and hippocampal atrophy.