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Reducing the Nitrate Content in Vegetables Through Joint Regulation of Short-Distance Distribution and Long-Distance Transport

As an important nitrogen source, nitrate (NO(3)(−)) absorbed by plants is carried throughout the plant via short-distance distribution (cytoplasm to vacuole) and long-distance transportation (root to shoot), the two pathways that jointly regulate the content of NO(3)(−) in plants. NO(3)(−) accumulat...

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Autores principales: Liang, Guihong, Zhang, Zhenhua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378733/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01079
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author Liang, Guihong
Zhang, Zhenhua
author_facet Liang, Guihong
Zhang, Zhenhua
author_sort Liang, Guihong
collection PubMed
description As an important nitrogen source, nitrate (NO(3)(−)) absorbed by plants is carried throughout the plant via short-distance distribution (cytoplasm to vacuole) and long-distance transportation (root to shoot), the two pathways that jointly regulate the content of NO(3)(−) in plants. NO(3)(−) accumulation within the vacuole depends on the activities of both tonoplast proton pumps and chloride channel (CLC) proteins, and less NO(3)(−) is stored in vacuoles when the activities of these proteins are reduced. The ratio of the distribution of NO(3)(−) in the cytoplasm and vacuole affects the long-distance transport of NO(3)(−), which is regulated by the proteins NPF7.3 and NPF7.2 that play opposite but complementary roles. NPF7.3 is responsible for loading NO(3)(−) from the root cytoplasm into the xylem, whereas NPF7.2 regulates the unloading of NO(3)(−) from the xylem, thereby facilitating the long-distance transport of NO(3)(−) through the roots to the shoots. Vegetables, valued for their nutrient content, are consumed in large quantities; however, a high content of NO(3)(−) can detrimentally affect the quality of these plants. NO(3)(−) that is not assimilated and utilized in plant tissues is converted via enzyme-catalyzed reactions to nitrite (NO(2)(−)), which is toxic to plants and harmful to human health. In this review, we describe the mechanisms underlying NO(3)(−) distribution and transport in plants, a knowledge of which will contribute to breeding leafy vegetables with lower NO(3)(−) contents and thus be of considerable significance from the perspectives of environmental protection and food safety.
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spelling pubmed-73787332020-08-05 Reducing the Nitrate Content in Vegetables Through Joint Regulation of Short-Distance Distribution and Long-Distance Transport Liang, Guihong Zhang, Zhenhua Front Plant Sci Plant Science As an important nitrogen source, nitrate (NO(3)(−)) absorbed by plants is carried throughout the plant via short-distance distribution (cytoplasm to vacuole) and long-distance transportation (root to shoot), the two pathways that jointly regulate the content of NO(3)(−) in plants. NO(3)(−) accumulation within the vacuole depends on the activities of both tonoplast proton pumps and chloride channel (CLC) proteins, and less NO(3)(−) is stored in vacuoles when the activities of these proteins are reduced. The ratio of the distribution of NO(3)(−) in the cytoplasm and vacuole affects the long-distance transport of NO(3)(−), which is regulated by the proteins NPF7.3 and NPF7.2 that play opposite but complementary roles. NPF7.3 is responsible for loading NO(3)(−) from the root cytoplasm into the xylem, whereas NPF7.2 regulates the unloading of NO(3)(−) from the xylem, thereby facilitating the long-distance transport of NO(3)(−) through the roots to the shoots. Vegetables, valued for their nutrient content, are consumed in large quantities; however, a high content of NO(3)(−) can detrimentally affect the quality of these plants. NO(3)(−) that is not assimilated and utilized in plant tissues is converted via enzyme-catalyzed reactions to nitrite (NO(2)(−)), which is toxic to plants and harmful to human health. In this review, we describe the mechanisms underlying NO(3)(−) distribution and transport in plants, a knowledge of which will contribute to breeding leafy vegetables with lower NO(3)(−) contents and thus be of considerable significance from the perspectives of environmental protection and food safety. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7378733/ /pubmed/32765562 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01079 Text en Copyright © 2020 Liang and Zhang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Liang, Guihong
Zhang, Zhenhua
Reducing the Nitrate Content in Vegetables Through Joint Regulation of Short-Distance Distribution and Long-Distance Transport
title Reducing the Nitrate Content in Vegetables Through Joint Regulation of Short-Distance Distribution and Long-Distance Transport
title_full Reducing the Nitrate Content in Vegetables Through Joint Regulation of Short-Distance Distribution and Long-Distance Transport
title_fullStr Reducing the Nitrate Content in Vegetables Through Joint Regulation of Short-Distance Distribution and Long-Distance Transport
title_full_unstemmed Reducing the Nitrate Content in Vegetables Through Joint Regulation of Short-Distance Distribution and Long-Distance Transport
title_short Reducing the Nitrate Content in Vegetables Through Joint Regulation of Short-Distance Distribution and Long-Distance Transport
title_sort reducing the nitrate content in vegetables through joint regulation of short-distance distribution and long-distance transport
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378733/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01079
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