Psychometric properties of a questionnaire (HEMO‐FISS‐QoL) to evaluate the burden associated with haemorrhoidal disease and anal fissures

AIM: Current questionnaires designed to evaluate the burden of haemorrhoidal disease ignore symptoms such as bleeding, pain and itching. A specific questionnaire is needed to evaluate the global impact of anal disorders on patients’ daily lives. METHOD: We developed a questionnaire (HEMO‐FISS‐QoL) to assess the symptom burden of anal disorders and administered it to 256 patients (mean age 46.2 years; men 60.4%) with haemorrhoidal disease (67.2%), anal fissure (29.3%) or both (3.5%). Psychometric properties were evaluated by testing the acceptability, construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Principal components and multi‐trait analyses were used to identify dimensions and to assess construct validity. Backward Cronbach alpha curves and a graded response model were used to reduce the number of items and modalities. External validity was evaluated against SF‐12 and the Psychological Global Well‐Being Index (PGWBI) using Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Principal component analysis defined four dimensions: physical disorders, psychology, defaecation and sexuality. The number of questions was reduced from 38 to 23. The HEMO‐FISS‐QoL scores correlated well with those of the SF‐12 and PGWBI (P < 0.001). Cronbach's coefficients (all > 0.7) reflected good internal reliability of the different dimensions. The total score increased with the severity of the anal disorders and with their consequences (days off work and personal spending related to the disease). CONCLUSION: The HEMO‐FISS‐QoL questionnaire reliably evaluates the global impact of haemorrhoids and anal fissures on patients’ daily lives. This simple tool may prove useful for treatment evaluation in clinical trials and daily practice.