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Prevalence and correlates of active syphilis and HIV co-Infection among sexually active persons aged 15–59 years in Zambia: Results from the Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) 2016

OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of the study are to estimate HIV prevalence, active syphilis prevalence, and correlates of co-infection with HIV in Zambia, among recently sexually active individuals aged 15 to 59 years old. METHODS: We used data from the 2016 Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Asses...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Solomon, Hiwote, Moraes, Albertina Ngomah, Williams, Daniel B., Fotso, Arlette Simo, Duong, Yen T., Ndongmo, Clement B., Voetsch, Andrew C., Patel, Hetal, Lupoli, Kathryn, McAuley, James B., Mulundu, Gina, Kasongo, Webster, Mulenga, Lloyd
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380641/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32706823
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236501
Descripción
Sumario:OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of the study are to estimate HIV prevalence, active syphilis prevalence, and correlates of co-infection with HIV in Zambia, among recently sexually active individuals aged 15 to 59 years old. METHODS: We used data from the 2016 Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA), a national household survey that included biomarker testing for HIV and syphilis. Chembio DPP(®) Syphilis Screen and Confirm Assay was used to distinguish between active and older syphilis infections. This is the first time Chembio DPP(®) has been used in a national survey. Log-binominal modelling was utilized to understand the risk of acquiring HIV/active syphilis co-infection using select socio-demographic and sexual behavior variables. Multivariable analysis compared those with co-infection and those with no infection. All reported results account for the complex survey design and are weighted. RESULTS: A total of 19,114 individuals aged 15–59 years responded to the individual interview and had a valid syphilis and/or HIV test. The prevalence for those sexually active in the 12 months preceding ZAMPHIA 2016 was 3.5% and 13% for active syphilis and HIV, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/active syphilis co-infection was 1.5%. Factors associated with higher prevalence of co-infection versus no infection among females included, but were not limited to, those living in urban areas (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.8, 4.8), those had sexual intercourse before age 15 years (aPR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.9), and those who had two or more sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey (aPR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.6, 4.7). CONCLUSION: These findings show high prevalence for both mono-infection with HIV and syphilis, as well as co-infection with HIV/active syphilis in Zambia. There is a need for better screening and partner services, particularly among those engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors (e.g., engaging in transactional sex).