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Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations
1. The consequences of bird mortality caused by collisions with wind turbines are increasingly receiving attention. So‐called acceptable mortality limits of populations, that is, those that assume that 1%–5% of additional mortality and the potential biological removal (PBR), provide seemingly clear‐...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7381563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32724513 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6360 |
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author | Schippers, Peter Buij, Ralph Schotman, Alex Verboom, Jana van der Jeugd, Henk Jongejans, Eelke |
author_facet | Schippers, Peter Buij, Ralph Schotman, Alex Verboom, Jana van der Jeugd, Henk Jongejans, Eelke |
author_sort | Schippers, Peter |
collection | PubMed |
description | 1. The consequences of bird mortality caused by collisions with wind turbines are increasingly receiving attention. So‐called acceptable mortality limits of populations, that is, those that assume that 1%–5% of additional mortality and the potential biological removal (PBR), provide seemingly clear‐cut methods for establishing the reduction in population viability. 2. We examine how the application of these commonly used mortality limits could affect populations of the Common Starling, Black‐tailed Godwit, Marsh Harrier, Eurasian Spoonbill, White Stork, Common Tern, and White‐tailed Eagle using stochastic density‐independent and density‐dependent Leslie matrix models. 3. Results show that population viability can be very sensitive to proportionally small increases in mortality. Rather than having a negligible effect, we found that a 1% additional mortality in postfledging cohorts of our studied populations resulted in a 2%–24% decrease in the population level after 10 years. Allowing a 5% mortality increase to existing mortality resulted in a 9%–77% reduction in the populations after 10 years. 4. When the PBR method is used in the density‐dependent simulations, the proportional change in the resulting growth rate and carrying capacity was species‐independent and largely determined by the recovery factor (F (r)). When F (r) = 1, a value typically used for robust populations, additional mortality resulted in a 50%–55% reduction in the equilibrium density and the resulting growth rate. When F (r) = 0.1, used for threatened populations, the reduction in the equilibrium density and growth rate was about 5%. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that by allowing a mortality increase from wind farm collisions according to both criteria, the population impacts of these collisions can still be severe. We propose a simple new method as an alternative that was able to estimate mortality impacts of age‐structured stochastic density‐dependent matrix models. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7381563 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73815632020-07-27 Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations Schippers, Peter Buij, Ralph Schotman, Alex Verboom, Jana van der Jeugd, Henk Jongejans, Eelke Ecol Evol Original Research 1. The consequences of bird mortality caused by collisions with wind turbines are increasingly receiving attention. So‐called acceptable mortality limits of populations, that is, those that assume that 1%–5% of additional mortality and the potential biological removal (PBR), provide seemingly clear‐cut methods for establishing the reduction in population viability. 2. We examine how the application of these commonly used mortality limits could affect populations of the Common Starling, Black‐tailed Godwit, Marsh Harrier, Eurasian Spoonbill, White Stork, Common Tern, and White‐tailed Eagle using stochastic density‐independent and density‐dependent Leslie matrix models. 3. Results show that population viability can be very sensitive to proportionally small increases in mortality. Rather than having a negligible effect, we found that a 1% additional mortality in postfledging cohorts of our studied populations resulted in a 2%–24% decrease in the population level after 10 years. Allowing a 5% mortality increase to existing mortality resulted in a 9%–77% reduction in the populations after 10 years. 4. When the PBR method is used in the density‐dependent simulations, the proportional change in the resulting growth rate and carrying capacity was species‐independent and largely determined by the recovery factor (F (r)). When F (r) = 1, a value typically used for robust populations, additional mortality resulted in a 50%–55% reduction in the equilibrium density and the resulting growth rate. When F (r) = 0.1, used for threatened populations, the reduction in the equilibrium density and growth rate was about 5%. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that by allowing a mortality increase from wind farm collisions according to both criteria, the population impacts of these collisions can still be severe. We propose a simple new method as an alternative that was able to estimate mortality impacts of age‐structured stochastic density‐dependent matrix models. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7381563/ /pubmed/32724513 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6360 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Schippers, Peter Buij, Ralph Schotman, Alex Verboom, Jana van der Jeugd, Henk Jongejans, Eelke Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations |
title | Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations |
title_full | Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations |
title_fullStr | Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations |
title_full_unstemmed | Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations |
title_short | Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations |
title_sort | mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7381563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32724513 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6360 |
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