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Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football
OBJECTIVE: American‐style football (ASF) has gained attention because of possible links between repetitive head injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Although postmortem pathologic changes consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have been reported in ASF players, there are currently...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7383807/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32281676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.25747 |
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author | Grashow, Rachel Weisskopf, Marc G. Baggish, Aaron Speizer, Frank E. Whittington, Alicia J. Nadler, Lee Connor, Ann Keske, Robyn Taylor, Herman Zafonte, Ross Pascual‐Leone, Alvaro |
author_facet | Grashow, Rachel Weisskopf, Marc G. Baggish, Aaron Speizer, Frank E. Whittington, Alicia J. Nadler, Lee Connor, Ann Keske, Robyn Taylor, Herman Zafonte, Ross Pascual‐Leone, Alvaro |
author_sort | Grashow, Rachel |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: American‐style football (ASF) has gained attention because of possible links between repetitive head injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Although postmortem pathologic changes consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have been reported in ASF players, there are currently no established premortem diagnostic criteria for CTE. Nevertheless, presented with symptoms of cognitive impairment, clinicians treating former players may be inclined to suggest CTE without a thorough exploration of comorbid factors that demonstrate similar clinical phenotypes to putative CTE. METHODS: A survey of 3,913 former ASF players aged 24 to 89 was conducted for those who responded by March 2019. RESULTS: Despite being a postmortem diagnosis, 108 players (2.8%) self‐reported clinician‐diagnosed CTE. The percentage of players under age 60 years reporting a CTE diagnosis was 2.3% versus 3.7% in participants age 60 or older. Comorbidities in participants self‐reporting CTE were significantly more common, including sleep apnea, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, indicators of past or current depression, hypertension, prescription pain medication use, heart conditions, and low testosterone when compared to non‐CTE respondents. Patterns of reporting for obesity, hypertension, heart conditions, or hypercholesterolemia differed between older and younger participants. Cognitive impairment symptoms were significantly higher in participants self‐reporting CTE. INTERPRETATION: Some former professional football players have been clinically diagnosed with CTE, a postmortem condition. Comorbidities that can affect cognition were associated with CTE diagnoses in both older and younger players. Although underlying neuropathology cannot be ruled out, treatable conditions should be explored in former athletes demonstrating CTE‐linked clinical phenotypes or symptoms as a means of improving cognitive health in these patients. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:106–112 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7383807 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73838072020-07-27 Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football Grashow, Rachel Weisskopf, Marc G. Baggish, Aaron Speizer, Frank E. Whittington, Alicia J. Nadler, Lee Connor, Ann Keske, Robyn Taylor, Herman Zafonte, Ross Pascual‐Leone, Alvaro Ann Neurol Research Articles OBJECTIVE: American‐style football (ASF) has gained attention because of possible links between repetitive head injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Although postmortem pathologic changes consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have been reported in ASF players, there are currently no established premortem diagnostic criteria for CTE. Nevertheless, presented with symptoms of cognitive impairment, clinicians treating former players may be inclined to suggest CTE without a thorough exploration of comorbid factors that demonstrate similar clinical phenotypes to putative CTE. METHODS: A survey of 3,913 former ASF players aged 24 to 89 was conducted for those who responded by March 2019. RESULTS: Despite being a postmortem diagnosis, 108 players (2.8%) self‐reported clinician‐diagnosed CTE. The percentage of players under age 60 years reporting a CTE diagnosis was 2.3% versus 3.7% in participants age 60 or older. Comorbidities in participants self‐reporting CTE were significantly more common, including sleep apnea, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, indicators of past or current depression, hypertension, prescription pain medication use, heart conditions, and low testosterone when compared to non‐CTE respondents. Patterns of reporting for obesity, hypertension, heart conditions, or hypercholesterolemia differed between older and younger participants. Cognitive impairment symptoms were significantly higher in participants self‐reporting CTE. INTERPRETATION: Some former professional football players have been clinically diagnosed with CTE, a postmortem condition. Comorbidities that can affect cognition were associated with CTE diagnoses in both older and younger players. Although underlying neuropathology cannot be ruled out, treatable conditions should be explored in former athletes demonstrating CTE‐linked clinical phenotypes or symptoms as a means of improving cognitive health in these patients. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:106–112 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2020-05-04 2020-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7383807/ /pubmed/32281676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.25747 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Annals of Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Neurological Association. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Grashow, Rachel Weisskopf, Marc G. Baggish, Aaron Speizer, Frank E. Whittington, Alicia J. Nadler, Lee Connor, Ann Keske, Robyn Taylor, Herman Zafonte, Ross Pascual‐Leone, Alvaro Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football |
title | Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football |
title_full | Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football |
title_fullStr | Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football |
title_full_unstemmed | Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football |
title_short | Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football |
title_sort | premortem chronic traumatic encephalopathy diagnoses in professional football |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7383807/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32281676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.25747 |
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