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Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants

Background: Small fiber polyneuropathy (SFN) involves ectopic firing and degeneration of small-diameter, somatic/autonomic peripheral axons. Causes include diabetes, inflammation and rare pathogenic mutations, including in SCN9-11 genes that encode small fiber sodium channels. Aims: The aim of this...

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Autores principales: Kelley, Mary A., Oaklander, Anne Louise
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7384751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719824
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2020.1712652
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author Kelley, Mary A.
Oaklander, Anne Louise
author_facet Kelley, Mary A.
Oaklander, Anne Louise
author_sort Kelley, Mary A.
collection PubMed
description Background: Small fiber polyneuropathy (SFN) involves ectopic firing and degeneration of small-diameter, somatic/autonomic peripheral axons. Causes include diabetes, inflammation and rare pathogenic mutations, including in SCN9-11 genes that encode small fiber sodium channels. Aims: The aim of this study is to associate a new phenotype—immunotherapy-responsive SFN—with rare amino acid–substituting SCN9A variants and present potential explanations. Methods: A retrospective chart review of two Caucasians with skin biopsy confirmed SFN and rare SCN9A single nucleotide polymorphisms not previously reported in neuropathy. Results: A 47-year-old with 4 years of disabling widespread neuropathic pain and exertional intolerance had nerve- and skin biopsy–confirmed SFN, with blood tests revealing only high-titer antinuclear antibodies and low complement C4 consistent with B cell dysimmunity. Six years of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy markedly improved sensory and autonomic symptoms and normalized his neurite density. After whole exome sequencing revealed a potentially pathogenic SCN9A-A3734G variant, sodium channel blockers were tried. Herpes zoster left a 32-year-old with disabling exertional intolerance (“chronic fatigue syndrome”), postural syncope and tachycardia, arm and leg paresthesias, reduced sweating, and distal hairloss. Screening revealed antinuclear and potassium channel autoantibodies, so prednisone and then IVIg were prescribed with great benefit. During 4 years of immunotherapy, his symptoms and function improved, and all abnormal biomarkers (autonomic testing and skin biopsies) normalized. Whole exome sequencing then revealed two nearby compound heterozygous SCN9A variants that were computer-predicted to be deleterious. Conclusions: These cases newly associate three novel amino acid–substituting SCN9A variants with immunotherapy-responsive neuropathy. Only larger studies can determine whether these are contributory or coincidental, but they associate new variants with moderate or high likelihood of pathogenicity with a new highly related phenotype.
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spelling pubmed-73847512020-07-27 Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants Kelley, Mary A. Oaklander, Anne Louise Can J Pain Case Report Background: Small fiber polyneuropathy (SFN) involves ectopic firing and degeneration of small-diameter, somatic/autonomic peripheral axons. Causes include diabetes, inflammation and rare pathogenic mutations, including in SCN9-11 genes that encode small fiber sodium channels. Aims: The aim of this study is to associate a new phenotype—immunotherapy-responsive SFN—with rare amino acid–substituting SCN9A variants and present potential explanations. Methods: A retrospective chart review of two Caucasians with skin biopsy confirmed SFN and rare SCN9A single nucleotide polymorphisms not previously reported in neuropathy. Results: A 47-year-old with 4 years of disabling widespread neuropathic pain and exertional intolerance had nerve- and skin biopsy–confirmed SFN, with blood tests revealing only high-titer antinuclear antibodies and low complement C4 consistent with B cell dysimmunity. Six years of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy markedly improved sensory and autonomic symptoms and normalized his neurite density. After whole exome sequencing revealed a potentially pathogenic SCN9A-A3734G variant, sodium channel blockers were tried. Herpes zoster left a 32-year-old with disabling exertional intolerance (“chronic fatigue syndrome”), postural syncope and tachycardia, arm and leg paresthesias, reduced sweating, and distal hairloss. Screening revealed antinuclear and potassium channel autoantibodies, so prednisone and then IVIg were prescribed with great benefit. During 4 years of immunotherapy, his symptoms and function improved, and all abnormal biomarkers (autonomic testing and skin biopsies) normalized. Whole exome sequencing then revealed two nearby compound heterozygous SCN9A variants that were computer-predicted to be deleterious. Conclusions: These cases newly associate three novel amino acid–substituting SCN9A variants with immunotherapy-responsive neuropathy. Only larger studies can determine whether these are contributory or coincidental, but they associate new variants with moderate or high likelihood of pathogenicity with a new highly related phenotype. Taylor & Francis 2020-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7384751/ /pubmed/32719824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2020.1712652 Text en © 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Case Report
Kelley, Mary A.
Oaklander, Anne Louise
Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants
title Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants
title_full Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants
title_fullStr Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants
title_full_unstemmed Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants
title_short Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants
title_sort association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense scn9a variants
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7384751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719824
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2020.1712652
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