Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary benign metastatic leiomyoma (PBML), which is very rare, is a type of benign metastatic leiomyoma (BML). Here, we report a case of PBML, finally diagnosed through multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions, and provide a literature review of the disease. CASE SUMMARY: A 55-year old asymptomatic woman was found to have bilateral multiple lung nodules on a chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan. Her medical history included total hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. The patient was diagnosed with PBML, on the basis of her clinical history, imaging manifestations, and computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy, via MDT discussions. As the patient was asymptomatic, she received long-term monitoring without treatment. A follow-up of chest HRCT after 6 mo showed that the PBML lung nodules were stable and there was no progression. CONCLUSION: For patients with a medical history of hysterectomy and uterine leiomyoma with lung nodules on chest CT, PBML should be considered during diagnosis based on the clinical history, imaging manifestations, CT-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy, and MDT discussions.