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Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system
Glandular trichomes (GTs) are defensive structures that produce and accumulate specialized metabolites and protect plants against herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stress. GTs have been extensively studied in angiosperms for their roles in defense and biosynthesis of high-value metabolites. In cont...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385631/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69373-5 |
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author | Celedon, Jose M. Whitehill, Justin G. A. Madilao, Lufiani L. Bohlmann, Joerg |
author_facet | Celedon, Jose M. Whitehill, Justin G. A. Madilao, Lufiani L. Bohlmann, Joerg |
author_sort | Celedon, Jose M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glandular trichomes (GTs) are defensive structures that produce and accumulate specialized metabolites and protect plants against herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stress. GTs have been extensively studied in angiosperms for their roles in defense and biosynthesis of high-value metabolites. In contrast, trichomes of gymnosperms have been described in fossilized samples, but have not been studied in living plants. Here, we describe the characterization of GTs on young stems of a hybrid white spruce. Metabolite and histological analysis of spruce GTs support a glandular function with accumulation of a diverse array of mono-, sesqui- and diterpenes including diterpene methylesters. Methylated diterpenes have previously been associated with insect resistance in white spruce. Headspeace analysis of spruce GTs showed a profile of volatiles dominated by monoterpenes and a highly diverse array of sesquiterpenes. Spruce GTs appear early during shoot growth, prior to the development of a lignified bark and prior to accumulation of terpenes in needles. Spruce GTs may provide an early, terpene-based chemical defense system at a developmental stage when young shoots are particularly vulnerable to foliage and shoot feeding insects, and before the resin duct system characteristic of conifers has fully developed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7385631 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73856312020-07-29 Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system Celedon, Jose M. Whitehill, Justin G. A. Madilao, Lufiani L. Bohlmann, Joerg Sci Rep Article Glandular trichomes (GTs) are defensive structures that produce and accumulate specialized metabolites and protect plants against herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stress. GTs have been extensively studied in angiosperms for their roles in defense and biosynthesis of high-value metabolites. In contrast, trichomes of gymnosperms have been described in fossilized samples, but have not been studied in living plants. Here, we describe the characterization of GTs on young stems of a hybrid white spruce. Metabolite and histological analysis of spruce GTs support a glandular function with accumulation of a diverse array of mono-, sesqui- and diterpenes including diterpene methylesters. Methylated diterpenes have previously been associated with insect resistance in white spruce. Headspeace analysis of spruce GTs showed a profile of volatiles dominated by monoterpenes and a highly diverse array of sesquiterpenes. Spruce GTs appear early during shoot growth, prior to the development of a lignified bark and prior to accumulation of terpenes in needles. Spruce GTs may provide an early, terpene-based chemical defense system at a developmental stage when young shoots are particularly vulnerable to foliage and shoot feeding insects, and before the resin duct system characteristic of conifers has fully developed. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7385631/ /pubmed/32719384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69373-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Celedon, Jose M. Whitehill, Justin G. A. Madilao, Lufiani L. Bohlmann, Joerg Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system |
title | Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system |
title_full | Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system |
title_fullStr | Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system |
title_full_unstemmed | Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system |
title_short | Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system |
title_sort | gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385631/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69373-5 |
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