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Oxygen: viral friend or foe?

The oxygen levels organ and tissue microenvironments vary depending on the distance of their vasculature from the left ventricle of the heart. For instance, the oxygen levels of lymph nodes and the spleen are significantly lower than that in atmospheric air. Cellular detection of oxygen and their re...

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Autores principales: Gan, Esther Shuyi, Ooi, Eng Eong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385969/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32718318
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01374-2
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author Gan, Esther Shuyi
Ooi, Eng Eong
author_facet Gan, Esther Shuyi
Ooi, Eng Eong
author_sort Gan, Esther Shuyi
collection PubMed
description The oxygen levels organ and tissue microenvironments vary depending on the distance of their vasculature from the left ventricle of the heart. For instance, the oxygen levels of lymph nodes and the spleen are significantly lower than that in atmospheric air. Cellular detection of oxygen and their response to low oxygen levels can exert a significant impact on virus infection. Generally, viruses that naturally infect well-oxygenated organs are less able to infect cells under hypoxic conditions. Conversely, viruses that infect organs under lower oxygen tensions thrive under hypoxic conditions. This suggests that in vitro experiments performed exclusively under atmospheric conditions ignores oxygen-induced modifications in both host and viral responses. Here, we review the mechanisms of how cells adapt to low oxygen tensions and its impact on viral infections. With growing evidence supporting the role of oxygen microenvironments in viral infections, this review highlights the importance of factoring oxygen concentrations into in vitro assay conditions. Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo oxygen tensions would allow for more physiologically representative insights into viral pathogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-73859692020-07-30 Oxygen: viral friend or foe? Gan, Esther Shuyi Ooi, Eng Eong Virol J Review The oxygen levels organ and tissue microenvironments vary depending on the distance of their vasculature from the left ventricle of the heart. For instance, the oxygen levels of lymph nodes and the spleen are significantly lower than that in atmospheric air. Cellular detection of oxygen and their response to low oxygen levels can exert a significant impact on virus infection. Generally, viruses that naturally infect well-oxygenated organs are less able to infect cells under hypoxic conditions. Conversely, viruses that infect organs under lower oxygen tensions thrive under hypoxic conditions. This suggests that in vitro experiments performed exclusively under atmospheric conditions ignores oxygen-induced modifications in both host and viral responses. Here, we review the mechanisms of how cells adapt to low oxygen tensions and its impact on viral infections. With growing evidence supporting the role of oxygen microenvironments in viral infections, this review highlights the importance of factoring oxygen concentrations into in vitro assay conditions. Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo oxygen tensions would allow for more physiologically representative insights into viral pathogenesis. BioMed Central 2020-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7385969/ /pubmed/32718318 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01374-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Gan, Esther Shuyi
Ooi, Eng Eong
Oxygen: viral friend or foe?
title Oxygen: viral friend or foe?
title_full Oxygen: viral friend or foe?
title_fullStr Oxygen: viral friend or foe?
title_full_unstemmed Oxygen: viral friend or foe?
title_short Oxygen: viral friend or foe?
title_sort oxygen: viral friend or foe?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385969/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32718318
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01374-2
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