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Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion

The cave lion is an extinct felid that was widespread across the Holarctic throughout the Late Pleistocene. Its closest extant relative is the lion (Panthera leo), but the timing of the divergence between these two taxa, as well as their taxonomic ranking are contentious. In this study we analyse 31...

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Autores principales: Stanton, David W. G., Alberti, Federica, Plotnikov, Valery, Androsov, Semyon, Grigoriev, Semyon, Fedorov, Sergey, Kosintsev, Pavel, Nagel, Doris, Vartanyan, Sergey, Barnes, Ian, Barnett, Ross, Ersmark, Erik, Döppes, Doris, Germonpré, Mietje, Hofreiter, Michael, Rosendahl, Wilfried, Skoglund, Pontus, Dalén, Love
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387438/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32724178
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69474-1
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author Stanton, David W. G.
Alberti, Federica
Plotnikov, Valery
Androsov, Semyon
Grigoriev, Semyon
Fedorov, Sergey
Kosintsev, Pavel
Nagel, Doris
Vartanyan, Sergey
Barnes, Ian
Barnett, Ross
Ersmark, Erik
Döppes, Doris
Germonpré, Mietje
Hofreiter, Michael
Rosendahl, Wilfried
Skoglund, Pontus
Dalén, Love
author_facet Stanton, David W. G.
Alberti, Federica
Plotnikov, Valery
Androsov, Semyon
Grigoriev, Semyon
Fedorov, Sergey
Kosintsev, Pavel
Nagel, Doris
Vartanyan, Sergey
Barnes, Ian
Barnett, Ross
Ersmark, Erik
Döppes, Doris
Germonpré, Mietje
Hofreiter, Michael
Rosendahl, Wilfried
Skoglund, Pontus
Dalén, Love
author_sort Stanton, David W. G.
collection PubMed
description The cave lion is an extinct felid that was widespread across the Holarctic throughout the Late Pleistocene. Its closest extant relative is the lion (Panthera leo), but the timing of the divergence between these two taxa, as well as their taxonomic ranking are contentious. In this study we analyse 31 mitochondrial genome sequences from cave lion individuals that, through a combination of (14)C and genetic tip dating, are estimated to be from dates extending well into the mid-Pleistocene. We identified two deeply diverged and well-supported reciprocally monophyletic mitogenome clades in the cave lion, and an additional third distinct lineage represented by a single individual. One of these clades was restricted to Beringia while the other was prevalent across western Eurasia. These observed clade distributions are in line with previous observations that Beringian and European cave lions were morphologically distinct. The divergence dates for these lineages are estimated to be far older than those between extant lions subspecies. By combining our radiocarbon tip-dates with a split time prior that takes into account the most up-to-date fossil stem calibrations, we estimated the mitochondrial DNA divergence between cave lions and lions to be 1.85 Million ya (95% 0.52– 2.91 Mya). Taken together, these results support previous hypotheses that cave lions existed as at least two subspecies during the Pleistocene, and that lions and cave lions were distinct species.
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spelling pubmed-73874382020-07-29 Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion Stanton, David W. G. Alberti, Federica Plotnikov, Valery Androsov, Semyon Grigoriev, Semyon Fedorov, Sergey Kosintsev, Pavel Nagel, Doris Vartanyan, Sergey Barnes, Ian Barnett, Ross Ersmark, Erik Döppes, Doris Germonpré, Mietje Hofreiter, Michael Rosendahl, Wilfried Skoglund, Pontus Dalén, Love Sci Rep Article The cave lion is an extinct felid that was widespread across the Holarctic throughout the Late Pleistocene. Its closest extant relative is the lion (Panthera leo), but the timing of the divergence between these two taxa, as well as their taxonomic ranking are contentious. In this study we analyse 31 mitochondrial genome sequences from cave lion individuals that, through a combination of (14)C and genetic tip dating, are estimated to be from dates extending well into the mid-Pleistocene. We identified two deeply diverged and well-supported reciprocally monophyletic mitogenome clades in the cave lion, and an additional third distinct lineage represented by a single individual. One of these clades was restricted to Beringia while the other was prevalent across western Eurasia. These observed clade distributions are in line with previous observations that Beringian and European cave lions were morphologically distinct. The divergence dates for these lineages are estimated to be far older than those between extant lions subspecies. By combining our radiocarbon tip-dates with a split time prior that takes into account the most up-to-date fossil stem calibrations, we estimated the mitochondrial DNA divergence between cave lions and lions to be 1.85 Million ya (95% 0.52– 2.91 Mya). Taken together, these results support previous hypotheses that cave lions existed as at least two subspecies during the Pleistocene, and that lions and cave lions were distinct species. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7387438/ /pubmed/32724178 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69474-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Stanton, David W. G.
Alberti, Federica
Plotnikov, Valery
Androsov, Semyon
Grigoriev, Semyon
Fedorov, Sergey
Kosintsev, Pavel
Nagel, Doris
Vartanyan, Sergey
Barnes, Ian
Barnett, Ross
Ersmark, Erik
Döppes, Doris
Germonpré, Mietje
Hofreiter, Michael
Rosendahl, Wilfried
Skoglund, Pontus
Dalén, Love
Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion
title Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion
title_full Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion
title_fullStr Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion
title_full_unstemmed Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion
title_short Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion
title_sort early pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387438/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32724178
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69474-1
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