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Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective

Nairobi Sheep Disease virus (NSDv) is a zoonotic and tick-borne disease that can cause over 90% mortality in small ruminants. NSDv has historically circulated in East Africa and has recently emerged in the Asian continent. Despite efforts to control the disease, some regions, mostly in warmer climat...

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Autores principales: Krasteva, Stephanie, Jara, Manuel, Frias-De-Diego, Alba, Machado, Gustavo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793646
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00419
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author Krasteva, Stephanie
Jara, Manuel
Frias-De-Diego, Alba
Machado, Gustavo
author_facet Krasteva, Stephanie
Jara, Manuel
Frias-De-Diego, Alba
Machado, Gustavo
author_sort Krasteva, Stephanie
collection PubMed
description Nairobi Sheep Disease virus (NSDv) is a zoonotic and tick-borne disease that can cause over 90% mortality in small ruminants. NSDv has historically circulated in East Africa and has recently emerged in the Asian continent. Despite efforts to control the disease, some regions, mostly in warmer climates, persistently report disease outbreaks. Consequently, it is necessary to understand how environmental tolerances and factors that influence transmission may shed light on its possible emergence in other regions. In this study, we quantified the available literature of NSDv from which occurrence data was extracted. In total, 308 locations from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia, India, Sri Lanka and China were coupled with landscape conditions to reconstruct the ecological conditions for NSDv circulation and identify areas of potential disease transmission risk. Our results identified areas suitable for NSDv in Ethiopia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Southeastern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Unsuitable areas included Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and Southern Somalia. In summary, soil moisture, livestock density, and precipitation predispose certain areas to NSDv circulation. It is critical to investigate the epidemiology of NSDv in order to promote better allocation of resources to control its spread in regions that are more at risk. This will help reduce disease impact worldwide as climate change will favor emergence of such vector-borne diseases in areas with dense small ruminant populations.
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spelling pubmed-73876522020-08-12 Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective Krasteva, Stephanie Jara, Manuel Frias-De-Diego, Alba Machado, Gustavo Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Nairobi Sheep Disease virus (NSDv) is a zoonotic and tick-borne disease that can cause over 90% mortality in small ruminants. NSDv has historically circulated in East Africa and has recently emerged in the Asian continent. Despite efforts to control the disease, some regions, mostly in warmer climates, persistently report disease outbreaks. Consequently, it is necessary to understand how environmental tolerances and factors that influence transmission may shed light on its possible emergence in other regions. In this study, we quantified the available literature of NSDv from which occurrence data was extracted. In total, 308 locations from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia, India, Sri Lanka and China were coupled with landscape conditions to reconstruct the ecological conditions for NSDv circulation and identify areas of potential disease transmission risk. Our results identified areas suitable for NSDv in Ethiopia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Southeastern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Unsuitable areas included Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and Southern Somalia. In summary, soil moisture, livestock density, and precipitation predispose certain areas to NSDv circulation. It is critical to investigate the epidemiology of NSDv in order to promote better allocation of resources to control its spread in regions that are more at risk. This will help reduce disease impact worldwide as climate change will favor emergence of such vector-borne diseases in areas with dense small ruminant populations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7387652/ /pubmed/32793646 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00419 Text en Copyright © 2020 Krasteva, Jara, Frias-De-Diego and Machado. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Krasteva, Stephanie
Jara, Manuel
Frias-De-Diego, Alba
Machado, Gustavo
Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective
title Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective
title_full Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective
title_fullStr Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective
title_short Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective
title_sort nairobi sheep disease virus: a historical and epidemiological perspective
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793646
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00419
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