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Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa

Several species of migratory swifts breed in the Western Palearctic, but they differ in reproductive traits and nonbreeding areas explored in Africa. We examined survival and recapture probabilities of two species of swifts by capture–mark–recapture data collected in northern Italy (Pallid Swift Apu...

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Autores principales: Boano, Giovanni, Pellegrino, Irene, Ferri, Mauro, Cucco, Marco, Minelli, Fausto, Åkesson, Susanne
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391547/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760574
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6525
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author Boano, Giovanni
Pellegrino, Irene
Ferri, Mauro
Cucco, Marco
Minelli, Fausto
Åkesson, Susanne
author_facet Boano, Giovanni
Pellegrino, Irene
Ferri, Mauro
Cucco, Marco
Minelli, Fausto
Åkesson, Susanne
author_sort Boano, Giovanni
collection PubMed
description Several species of migratory swifts breed in the Western Palearctic, but they differ in reproductive traits and nonbreeding areas explored in Africa. We examined survival and recapture probabilities of two species of swifts by capture–mark–recapture data collected in northern Italy (Pallid Swift Apus pallidus in Carmagnola, Turin, and Common Swift Apus apus in Guiglia, Modena) in the breeding season (May–July). Apparent survival rates were relatively high (>71%), comparable to other studies of European swifts, but showed marked annual variations. We used geolocators to establish the exact wintering areas of birds breeding in our study colonies. Common Swifts explored the Sahel zone during migration and spent the winter in SE Africa, while the Pallid Swifts remained in the Sahel zone for a longer time, shifting locations southeast down to Cameroun and Nigeria later in winter. These movements followed the seasonal rains from north to south (October to December). In both species, we found large yearly differences in survival probabilities related to different climatic indices. In the Pallid Swift, wintering in Western Africa, the Sahel rainfall index best explained survival, with driest seasons associated with reduced survival. In the Common Swift, wintering in SE Africa, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle performed significantly better than Sahel rainfall or North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Extreme events and precipitation anomalies in Eastern Africa during La Niña events resulted in reduced survival probabilities in Common Swifts. Our study shows that the two species of swifts have similar average annual survival, but their survival varies between years and is strongly affected by different climatic drivers associated with their respective wintering areas. This finding could suggest important ecological diversification that should be taken into account when comparing survival and area use of similar species that migrate between temperate breeding areas and tropical wintering areas.
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spelling pubmed-73915472020-08-04 Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa Boano, Giovanni Pellegrino, Irene Ferri, Mauro Cucco, Marco Minelli, Fausto Åkesson, Susanne Ecol Evol Original Research Several species of migratory swifts breed in the Western Palearctic, but they differ in reproductive traits and nonbreeding areas explored in Africa. We examined survival and recapture probabilities of two species of swifts by capture–mark–recapture data collected in northern Italy (Pallid Swift Apus pallidus in Carmagnola, Turin, and Common Swift Apus apus in Guiglia, Modena) in the breeding season (May–July). Apparent survival rates were relatively high (>71%), comparable to other studies of European swifts, but showed marked annual variations. We used geolocators to establish the exact wintering areas of birds breeding in our study colonies. Common Swifts explored the Sahel zone during migration and spent the winter in SE Africa, while the Pallid Swifts remained in the Sahel zone for a longer time, shifting locations southeast down to Cameroun and Nigeria later in winter. These movements followed the seasonal rains from north to south (October to December). In both species, we found large yearly differences in survival probabilities related to different climatic indices. In the Pallid Swift, wintering in Western Africa, the Sahel rainfall index best explained survival, with driest seasons associated with reduced survival. In the Common Swift, wintering in SE Africa, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle performed significantly better than Sahel rainfall or North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Extreme events and precipitation anomalies in Eastern Africa during La Niña events resulted in reduced survival probabilities in Common Swifts. Our study shows that the two species of swifts have similar average annual survival, but their survival varies between years and is strongly affected by different climatic drivers associated with their respective wintering areas. This finding could suggest important ecological diversification that should be taken into account when comparing survival and area use of similar species that migrate between temperate breeding areas and tropical wintering areas. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7391547/ /pubmed/32760574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6525 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Boano, Giovanni
Pellegrino, Irene
Ferri, Mauro
Cucco, Marco
Minelli, Fausto
Åkesson, Susanne
Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa
title Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa
title_full Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa
title_fullStr Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa
title_full_unstemmed Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa
title_short Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa
title_sort climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐saharan africa
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391547/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760574
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6525
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